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MILLER'S 

NEW YOEIv AS IT IS ; 



STRANGER'S GUIDE-BOOK 

TO THE CITIES OF 

NEW YORK, B Pv O O K L Y N 

AND ADJACENT PLACES: 

<;(>MPRlSINO NOTICES OF 

EVERY OBJECT OF INTEREST TO STRANGERS; 

INCLUDING 

PUBLK^ BUILDINGS, GHURCHES. HOTELS. PLACES OP 
AMUSEMENT. LITERARY INSTITUTIONS, Em 

CJSit^ jlHap aiiti numerous 5IIu«tratfon«. 

NEW YORK: 
JAMES tllLLER, 522 BROADWAY. 

1863. 




V.''AOLii> 



Entered according to Act of Congress, in the year 1862. 

By JAMES MILLER. 

In the Clerk's Office of the District Court of the United Stfttee for tb© 
Southern District of New Tork. 



N\b6^ 



Anderson & Eamsav, 

33 VI liters, 

OS Franl'fort Street, K. Y 



CONTENTS. 



Page 

Historical Localities & 

Historic Retrospect 13 

General View 18 

New York as it is 23 

Parlis and Public Squares 27 

Public Buildings 31 

Benevolent Institutions... 35 

Literary and Scientific Institutions 44 

Tlieological Institutions 52 

New York Press 53 

Places of Amusement 56 

Carmen 58 

Hotels 59 

Ciiurches of New York 64 

Elegant Private Residences 73 

Notable Stores, &c 75 

Banks 77 

Savings Banks 79 

Public Works 80 

Clipper Sill ps. Packets, &c 83 

Forts and Fortificntions 83 

Principal Restaurants and Saloons 84 

Principal Hotels 85 

N ew York Markets 85 

Ocean Steanisliips 86 

Telegraph Lines 87 

Foreiorn Consuls 88 

New York Firemen 88 

Omnibuses^ and Rail Cars 89 

Hacknev-Coach Stands 90 

Railroads . . 91 

The Ferries 92 

Expresses and Depots 93 

List of Piers 94 

The City of Brooklyn 95 

Brooklyn Hotels 100 

Public Institutions 100 

Greenwood Cemetery 101 

Churches of Brooklyn 103 

Brooklyn City Railroads 105 

Pleasure Excuisions 106 

The Environs of the City 1U8 

Distances in tlie City . . 110 

The Hudson River Ill 

Supplemental Hints 116 

Metropolitan Police 12.1 



LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS. 



Fagb 

' View of Broadway from Dr. Chapin's Church Frontispiece. 

do. do. do. Exchange Place 23 

The City Hall 81 

Merchants' Exchange 82 

Custom House 83 

Arsenal of New York 83 

Halls of Justice, or the " Tombs" 84 

New York Hospital 8T 

Institution for the Blind 40 

Odd Fellows' Hall 42 

The Cooper Union 45 

New York University 49 

"Ward School, North Moore Street 50 

Bible House 51 

Episcopal Theological Seminary 52 

Metropolitan Hotel 59 

Astor House 59 

St. Nicholas Hotel 60 

Clarendon Hotel 61 

Prescott House 61 

St. Denis Hotel 62 

St. Patrick's Cathedral 68 

First Presbyterian Church 69 

Church of the Messiah 70 

Tiffany's Store 71 

Dr. Alexander's Church 71 

Calvary Church 72 

Church of the Puritans 72 

Bank of the Kepublic...., 77 

Bowery Savings Bank 79 

Croton Eeservoir 80 

High Bridge 81 



NEW YORK AS IT WAS. 



HISTORICAL LOCALITIES. 



The denizens of New York are such utilitarians that 
they have sacrificed to the shrine of Mammon almost 
every relic of the olden time. The feeling of venera- 
tion for the past, so characteristic of the cities of the 
Old World, is lamentably deficient among the people of 
the New. Still, as there are some who may take an in- 
terest in knowing even the sites of memorable historic 
places of the city, we will briefly refer to some of them. 
Few, we presume, are not patriotic enough to gaze 
with interest as they pass through Franklin Square, 
on the site of the old town mansion of Washington, 
which stood at the northeast angle of Franklin Square 
and Pearl street ; or tread the sod of Fort Greene, 
Brooklyn, that battle-ground of the Martyrs of Liberty. 

Taking the Battery as a starting-point, the first ob- 
ject of historic interest we encounter, is the old Ken- 
nedy House^ No. 1 Broadway. During the war of in- 
dependence, it was successively the residence of Lord 
Cornwallis, Gen. Clinton, Lord Howe, and Gen. Wash- 
ington. This house was erected in 1760, by Hon. 
Capt. Kennedy, who returned to England prior to the 
Revolution. It subsequently came into the possession 
of his youngest son, from whom it ultimately passed into 
that of the late Nathaniel Prime. Talleyrand passed 
some time under its roof. 

From this house anxious eyes watched the destruc- 
tion of the statue of George III., in the Bowling 
Green ; and a few years afterwards, other eyes saw, 
1* 



6 NEW YORK AS IT WAS. 

from its windows, the last soldiers of that king passing 
forever from our shores. Still later, others looked 
sadly on the funeral of Fulton, who died in a house 
which had been built in what was once the garden. 

Here Arnold concerted his treasonable project with 
Andre at the Clinton's — his head-quarters at the time. 
Arnold also occupied more frequently the third house 
from the Battery, in Broadway. Arnold is said to 
have had a sentinel at his door. "When his traitorous 
character had become known, he used to be saluted in 
the streets by the epithet of ''the traitor-general." 
He was guarded by an escort from Sir Henry Ohnton. 
Gen. Gage's head-quarters, in 1765, was the small low 
building since known as the Atlantic Garden. 

The Bowling Green was originally inclosed, in 1732, 
" with walks therein for the beauty and ornament of 
said street, as well as for the sports and delight of the 
inhabitants of the citie." 

In 1697, it was resolved "that the lights be hung 
out in the darke time of the moon within this citty, 
and for the use of the inhabitants; and that every 7th 
house doe hang out a lanthorn and a candle in it," &c. 

The site of the old Government house is now occu- 
pied by a range of dwelling-houses, at the south side 
of the inclosure, called the Bowling Green. It was 
subsequently used as the Custom House (from 1790 to 
1815), when it was taken down. Earlier recollections 
even belong to this location ; here the Dutch and Eng- 
lish forts were erected. At the corner of Wall and 
William streets, now the Bank of New York, once 
stood the statue of William Pitt. The old Stadt 
Huys stood at Coenties SHp. On the site of the pres- 
ent U. S. Tieasury, was situated the Town Hall, or 
" Congress Hall," which included also the Law Courts 
and Prison. In front of this building were the stocks, 
a pillory, and a whipping-post. This edifice was sub- 
sequently converted into a hall of legislature. 

It was in its gallery, on Wall street, in April, 1789^ 
that Gen. Washington was inaugurated the first Presi- 



HISTOEIOAL LOCALITIES. 7 

dent of the United States. This important public cere- 
mony, the oath of office, took place in the open gallery 
in front of the Senate Chamber, in the view of an im- 
mense concourse of citizens. There stood Washington, 
invested with a suit of dark silk velvet, of the old 
cut, steel-hilted small-sword by liis side, hair in bag 
and full powdered, in black silk hose, and shoes with 
silver buckles, as he took the oath of office, to Chancel- 
lor Livingston. Dr. Duer thus describes the scene of 
the inauguration : 

^' This auspicious ceremony took place under the por- 
tico of Federal Hall, upon the balcony in front of the 
Senate Chamber, in the immediate presence of both 
Houses of Congress, and in full view of the crowds 
that thronged the adjacent streets. The oath was ad- 
ministered by Chancellor Livingston, and when the 
illustrious chief had kissed the book, the Chancellor, 
with a loud voice, proclaimed, "Long live George 
Washington, President of the United States." Never 
shall I forget the thrilling effect of the thundering 
cheers which burst forth, as from one voice, peal after 
peal from the assembled multitude, Nor was it the 
voices alone of the people that responded to the an- 
nouncement, their hearts beat in unison with the 
echoes resounding through the distant streets; and 
many a tear stole down the rugged cheeks of the hard- 
iest of the spectators, as well I noted from my station 
in an upper window of the neighboring house of Col. 
Hamilton." 

Washington's farewell interview with his officers 
took place at France's Tavern, corner of Pearl and 
Broad streets. 

New York is noted for its pageants and processions. 
That on the occasion of the last visit of Gen. Lafay- 
ette, presented the most imposing spectacle of its time. 

In ancient times boats were used to convey passen- 
gers across Pearl street. Canal and Cliff streets derive 
their names from a like circumstance. The Old Dutch 
records show that the outskirts of the town were di- 



8 NEW YORK A.S IT WAS. 

vided into farms — called " Bouwerys ;" From this fact 
the Bowery derived its name. 

The hills were sometimes precipitous, as from Beek- 
man's and Peck's hills, and in the neighborhood of 
Pearl, Beeknian, and Ferry streets, and from the Middle 
Dutch Church, in Nassau street, down to Maiden lane; 
and sometimes gradually sloping, as on either hills 
along the line of the water, coursing through Maiden, 
lane. 

"When Hamilton acted as Secretary of the Treasury, 
he wrote the " Federalist," at a house in Wall street, 
between Broad and William streets, its site being now 
occupied by the Mech£^nics' Bank. His last residence 
was the Grange, at Bloomingdale. He lived also for 
some time at Bayard House on the banks of the North 
River. His hapless duel with Burr, near Weehawken, 
is pointed out to visitors, — a stone marks the spot where 
Hamilton fell. 

Leisler and Milbourne, the proto-martyrs of popular 
liberty in America, met with a sanguinary death. May 
16th, 1691, on the verge of Beekraan's swamp, near the 
spot where Tammany Hall now stands. 

Where Catharine' street now stands, was the spot 
where the stamps were burnt, at the dead of night, by 
citizens, in the year 1776. 

Benjamin Franklin, while residing in New York, used 
as an observatory for experimenting on electricity, the 
steeple of the old Dutch Church, — now the Post-Office, 
in Nassau street. Who will not gaze with interest at 
this starting-point of that luminous train which now en- 
circles the globe, and by which we communicate in let- 
ters of light, with our antipodes, aknost with the celer- 
ity of thought. 

The old City Hotel, in Broadway, the site of which is 
now occupied by a row of brown stone buildings, was 
for a long time the most notable edifice of the kind in 
the city. Here Washington, with his suite, attended the 
brilliant asseniblies of his days. 

A still more interesting relic of the past, was the old 



HISTORICAL LOCALITIES. 9 

Jugar-House Prison, which, till within a very few years, 
stood in Liberty street, adjacent to the Dutch Church, 
now the Post-Office. It was founded in 1689, and oc- 
cupied as a sui^ar-retining factory, till 1777, wher. Lord 
Howe converted it into a place of confinement for 
American prisoners. Here is a sketch of it. 




The old Walton House, in Pearl street (No. 326), was 
one of the memorabilia of New York city. This cele- 
brated mansion was erected, in 1754, by Walton, a 
Wealthy English merchant. It continued in possession of 
the family during the Revolutionary war, and was the 
scene of great splendor and festivity. 

Washington's city mansion stood at the junction of 
Main and Pearl streets — the northern angle of Franklin 
Square. Here the General was accustomed to hold 
state levees. 

The Old Brewery, at the Five Points, recently taken 
down, is deserving of some notice. Its purlieus were 
those of wretchedness and crime; they have been fitly 
described as '*• an exhibition of poverty without a par- 



10 NEW YORK AS IT WAS. 

allel — a scene of degradation too appalling to be believed, 
and too shocking to be disclosed, where you find crimo 
without punishment, — disgrace without shame, — sin 
without compunction, — and death without hope." 

During the past few years, the attention of the be- 
nevolent has been attracted to this locality, and a 
missionary station has been erected there, under the 
direction of Mr. Pease. The entire cost of the estab- 
lishment has been estimated at over $80,000. 

Tlie old Methodist Church in John street, nearly 
facing Dutch street, is an object of antiquarian interest. 
In William street, about midway between John and 
Fulton streets, stands a range of modern houses, about 
the centre of which was the birth-place of Washington 
Irving. 



Old Governor Stuyvesant's house, a fine view of 
which is annexed, stood upon his '' Bowerie Farm," a 
little to the south of St. Mark's Church, between the 
Second and Third Avenues. A pear-tree, imported 



HISTOEIOAL LOCALITIES. 11 

from Holland in 1647, by Stuyvesant, and planted in 
his garden, yet flourishes on the corner of Tiiirteenth 
street and Third Avenue, the only living relic which 
preserves the memory of the renowned Dutch Gov- 
nor. This patriarchal tree is two hundred and twelve 
years old. 

We present the reader with a, facsimile of Governor 
Stuyvesant's seal. 




He lived eighteen years after the change in the gov- 
ernment, and at his death was buried in his vault 
within the chapel. Over his remains was placed a slab 
(which may yet be seen in the eastern wall of St. 
Mark's), with the following inscription : " In this vault 
lies buried Petrus Stuyvesant, late Captain General and 
Commander-in-Chief of Amsterdam, in Ifew Nether- 
lands, now called New York, and the Dutch West India 
Islands. Died in August, a. d., 1682, aged eighty 
years." 

At the corner of Charlton and Varick streets stood 
a wooden building, formerly of considerable celebrity, 
knoAvn as the " Richmond Hill House." It has had 
many distinguished occupants, having been successively 
the residence of General Washington, John Adams, and 
Aaron Burr. It has been the scene of great festivities. 
Baron Steuben, Chancellor Livingston, and numerous 



12 NEW tore: as it was. 




other notable men of their times, having met within its 

walls. 

Aaron Burr once lived at the corner of Cedar and 
Nassau streets, and, after he held the office of Yice- 
President, at the corner of Pine and ISTassau, 

Cobbett kept his seed store at 62 Fulton street. His 
farm was at Hempstead, Long Island. 

Grant Thorburn's celebrated seed store, which was one 
of the natable objects of the city, in its time, was in 
Liberty street, between IlTassau and Broadway, and oc- 
cupied as large a space as the present establishment in 
John street. His store was previously used for a Qua- 
ker meeting-house, the first that that society had erect- 
ed in the city. 

The brick meeting-house, built in 1764, in Beekman 



HISTOEIOAL LOCALITIES. 13 

street, near I:Tassau street, then standing on open fields, 
was the place where Whitefield preached. 

On the site of the present Metropolitan Hotel, once 
lived the diplomatist — Talleyrand, when ambassador to 
the United States. He publislied a small tract on 
America, once much read ; he it was who affirmed that 
the greatest sight he had ever beheld in this country, 
was Hamilton, with his pile of books under his arm, 
proceeding to the court-room in the old City Hall, in 
order to expound the law. 

James Rivington, from London, opened a bookstore 
in 1761, near the foot of Wall street, from which his 
" Royal Gazetteer " was published in April, 1773. 

Gaine's " New York Mercui-y," in Hanover Square, 
was established in 1752 ; Holt's " New York Journal," 
in Dock (Pearl) street, near Wall, commenced in 1776 ; 
and Anderson's " Constitutional Gazette," a very small 
sheet, was published for a few months in 1775, at Beek- 
man's Slip. 

Gaine kept a bookstore under the sign of the Bible 
and Crown, at Hanover Square, for forty years. Among 
the early publishers and booksellers, may be named. 
Evert Duyckinck, who lived at the corner of Pearl 
street and Old Slip; and Isaac Collins, George A. Hop- 
kins, Samuel Campbell, and T. & J, Swords. 

William Barlas, of Maiden Lane, was himself an ex- 
cellent scholar. He published classical books. He was 
the friend and correspondent ©f Newton — Cowper's 
friend. 



HISTORICAL RETROSPECT. 

In the year 1607, the memorable year in which forty- 
seven learned men began the English version of the 
Bible, Henry Hudson sailed in search of a northeast 
passage to Indian For two seasons he strove in vain to 
2 



14 NKW YORK AS IT WAS. 

penetrate the ice barriers, and then turned homeward. 
His patrons abandoned their enterprise, and Hudson 
went over to Holland and entered the service of the 
Dutch East India Company, whose fleets then agitated 
the waters of almost every sea. 

On the 3d of September, 1609, the intrepid navigator 
first entered the Bay of New York. Here commence 
the acknowledged chronicles of European civilization 
on these shores of the newly-discovered continent, over 
which, till then, the wild Indian had held undisputed 
sway. According to Scandinavian records, it is af- 
firmed, the Norsemen visited our shores even prior to 
the discovery of the continent by the famed Genoese. 

Among those supposed early navigators, was Prince 
Madoc; and Verrazani, who, in the year 1514, is be- 
lieved to have anchored in these waters, and explored 
the coast of what was then known as part of ancient 
Vinland. We shall take a cursory glance at the lead- 
ing events which have been handed down to us, since 
they will serve to illustrate the progressive advance- 
ment of the civilized, over the savage forms of life, of 
which this memorable island has been the theatre. 

Although Hudson has not recorded, in his diary, his 
landing in the harbor of New York, we possess a tra- 
dition of the event, by HeckeWelder, the Indian histo- 
rian. He describes the natives as greatly perplexed 
and terrified when they beheld the approach of the 
strange object — the ship in the offing. They deemed 
it a visit from the Manitou, coming in his big canoe, 
and began to prepare an entertainment for his recep- 
tion. " By-and-by, the chief, in red clothes and a 
glitter of metal^ with others, came ashore in a smaller 
canoe; mutual salutations and signs of friendship were 
exchanged ; and after a while, strong drink was ofiered, 
which made all gay and happy. In time, as their mu- 
tual acquaintance progressed, the white shins told them 
they would stay with them, if they allowed them as 
much land for cultivation as the hide of a bullock, 
spread before them, could cover or encompass. The 



HISTORICAL RETROSPECT. 15 

request was gratified ; and the pale men, thereupon, 
beginning at a starting point on the hide, cut it up into 
one long extended narrow strip, or thong, sufficient to 
encompass a large place. Their cunning equally sur- 
prised and amused the confiding and simple Indians, 
who willingly allowed the success of their artifice, and 
backed it with a cordial welcome." Such was the ori- 
gin of the site of New York, on the place called Man- 
hattan (i. e. Manahachtanienks), a revelling name, im- 
porting "the place where they all got drunk!" and a 
name then bestowed by the Indians, as commemorative 
of that first great meeting. 

Hudson afterwards proceeded to explore the North 
River, since called after his name — the Hudson. The 
Half-Moon anchored at Yonkers, and the Indians came 
off in canoes to traffic with the strangers. But the 
river narrowed beyond the Highlands, and Hudson, 
after sailing up as far as the site of Alban}', retraced 
his way to Manhattan, and at once sailed for Europe. 
His favorable reports gave rise to an expedition of two 
ships in 1614, under Captains Adrian Block and Hend- 
rick Ohristiaanse. It was under their auspices that the 
first actual settlement was begun upon tlie site of the 
present New York, consisting in the first year of four 
houses^ and in the next year of a redoubt on the site of 
the Bowling Green. To this small village they gave 
the name of New Amsterdam. The settlement was of 
a commercial and military character, having for its 
object the traffic in the fur trade. 

At the time Holland projected this scheme of com- 
mercial settlement, she possessed 20,000 vessels and 
100,000 mariners. The city of Amsterdam was at the 
head of the enterprise. 

From its earliest period, "Nieuw Amsterdam" had a 
checkered history. The English turned towards it a 
wistful eye, and took it from the Dutch in 1664, who 
succeeded, however, in recovering it in 1673. Not more 
than a year after, it was ceded again to the British, and 
underwent a change of name, from New Amsterdam 



16 NEW YORK AS IT WAS. 

to !N"ew York, in honor of James, duke of York, to 
whom it was made over by Charles the Second. From 
this period it began to make progress, although slowly, 
in buildings, population, and municipal arrangements. 

The city, prior to British rule (that is in 1656), was 
laid out in streets, some of them crooked enough, and 
cuutained "one hundred and twenty houses with ex- 
tensive garden lots," and about one thousand inhab- 
itants. In 1677, another estimate reports that it com- 
prised three hundred and sixty-eight houses, while its 
assessed property amounted to ninety-five thousand 
pounds sterling. 

During the military rule of Governor Oolve, who 
held the city for one year under the above-mentioned 
capture, for the States of Holland, every thing partook 
of a military character, and the laws still in preserva- 
tion at Albany show the energy of a rigorous discipline. 
Then the Dutch mayor, at the head of the city militia, 
held his daily parades before the City Hall (Stadt Huys), 
then at Ooenties Slip; and every evening at sunset, he 
received from the principal guard of the fort, called 
the hoofd-wagt^ the keys of the city, and thereupon 
proceeded with a guard of six, to lock the city gates; 
then to place a hurger-wagt — a citizen guard, as night- 
watch, at assigned places. The same mayors also went 
the rounds at sunrise to open the gates, and to restore 
the keys to the officers of the fort. 

In 1683, the first constitutional assembly, consisting 
of a council of ten, and eighteen representatives, was 
elected, to aid in the administration of public affairs. 
In this year. the ten original counties were organized. 
In 1685, on the demise of Charles II., the Duke of 
York ascended the throne, with the title of James II. 
This bigoted monarch signalized himself by forbidding 
the establishment of a printing-press in the colony. 

Gov. Dongan was far better than his sovereign, and 
at length was recalled in consequence of his remon- 
strances against other arbitrary measures he was in- 
structed to carry out with regard to the confederate 



HISTORICAL RETROSPECT. 17 

Indian tribes and the Jesuits. Andros was appointed 
to supersede him, but his also was but a short reign, 
for the populace grew disaffected, and in a civil com- 
motion, one Jacob Leisler, a Dutch merchant, was pro- 
claimed leader, and ultimately invested with the reins 
of government. 

He also summoned a convention of deputies, from 
those portions of the province over which his influence 
extended. This convention levied taxes, and adopted 
other measures, for the temporary government of the 
colony; and thus for the first time in its existence, was 
the colony of New York under a free government. 
The strong prejudices, however, which had been 
awakened by Leisler's measures, soon produced in the 
minds of his adversaries a rancorous bitterness, which 
was, perhaps, never surpassed in the annals of any 
political controversy. 

This condition of things existed for nearly two years. 
To the horrors of civil commotion, were added the mis- 
eries of hostile invasion by the French in Canada. 

The earliest dawn of intellectual light — for the diffu- 
sion of popular intelligence had been heretofore wholly 
neglected — was the establishment of a free Grammar 
School in 1702. In 1725, the first newspaper made its 
appearance; and four years later, the city received the 
donation of a Public Library of 1642 volumes, from 
England. In 1732, a public Classical Academy was 
founded by law; and with the advance of general in- 
telligence came a higher appreciation of popular rights. 
But New York was destined to be convulsed by a 
series of commotions ; and among them the memorable 
one known as the Negro Plot, which resulted in a great 
destruction of life. 

The trade of New York increased. Her ships were 
already seen in many foreign ports; neither Boston 
nor Philadelphia surpassed her in the extent of her 
commercial operations. Provisions, linseed-oil, furs, 
lumber, and iron, were the principal exports. From 
1749 to 1750, two hundred and eighty-six vessels left 
2* 



18 NEW YORK AS IT WAS. 

New York, with cargoes principally of flour and grain. 
In 1755, nearly thirteen thousand hogsheads of flax 
seed were shipped abroad. 

The relations of the colonies with the mother coun- 
try were assuming a serious aspect. In 1765, a con 
gress of delegates met at New York, and prepared a 
declaration of their rights and grievances. The arri- 
val of the stamped paper, so notorious in the colonial 
annals of America, towards the end of this year, 
marked the commencement of a series of explosions 
that were not to terminate until the city and colony of 
New York, in common with the other colonies, were 
forever rent from the dominion of Great Britain. Tiie 
non-importation agreements of the merchants of New 
York, and other places, in 1768, were followed by 
stringent measures on the part of the British govern- 
ment. War was the result. 

On the 28tli of June, 1776, the British army and 
fleet, which had been driven from the city and harbor 
of Boston, entered the southern bay of New York. 
The troops were landed upon Staten Island. On the 
22d of August, the British forces crossed the Narrows 
and encamped near Brooklyn, where the American 
army was stationed. The battle of Long Island en- 
sued, in which, owing to unfortunate circumstances, 
the Americans were entirely defeated. Washington, 
with consummate skill, crossed the river the succeed- 
ing night, without observation ; but the previous dis- 
asters, and the subsequent successful landing of the 
British troops at Kip's Bay, rendered it impossible to 
save the city. 

For eight years New York was the head-quarters 
of the British troops, and the prison-house of Ameri- 
can captives. Public buildings were despoiled, and 
churches converted into hospitals and prisons. A fire 
in 1776, sweeping along both sides of Broadway, de- 
stroyed one eighth of the buildings of New York. 

On the 25th of November, 1783, the forces of Great 
Britain evacuated the city, and Washington and the 



mSTuKIOAL EETKOSPECT. 19 

Governor of the State made a public and triumphal 
entry. '^ 

This important national event, forming the brightest 
day in the American calendar, is annually celebrated 
with appropriate military pomp and parade. 

In ten years after the war of independence, New 
York had doubled its inhabitants. Yet the city had 
repeatedly suffered from the scourge of the yellow 
fever, from calamitous fires, &c. Notwithstanding all, 
its commercial enterprise has been rapidly and largely 
increasing, while its shipping has gallantly spread over 
every sea, and won the admiration of the world. The 
first establishment of regular lines of packets to Eu- 
rope originated with New York, and it is also claimed 
for her the honor of the first experiments in steam-nav- 
igation. 

Improvements hitherto had been principally con- 
nected with foreign commerce. But an impulse was 
now to be given to inland trade by the adoption of an 
extensive system of canal-navigation. Several smaller 
works were cast into the shade l)y the completion of 
the gigantic Erie Canal, in 1825. The union of the 
Atlantic with the Lakes, was announced by the firing 
of cannon along the whole line of the canal and of the 
Hudson, and was celebrated at New York by a mag- 
nificent aquatic procession, which, to indicate more 
clearly the navigable communication that had been 
opened, deposited in the ocean a portion of the waters 
of Lake Erie. 

Municipal history is a narrative of alternate suc- 
cesses and reverses. For many years nothing had 
occurred to mar the prosperity of the city. Again 
misfortune came. In 1832 the Asiatic cholera appear- 
ed, and 4360 fell victims to the disease. This calamity 
had scarcely passed, when the great fire of 1835 de- 
stroyed, in one night, more than 600 buildings, and 
property to the value of over $20,000,000. The city 
had not recovered from the effects of this disaster, 
when the commercial revulsions of 1836 and 1837 



20 NEW YORK AS IT WAS. 

shook public and private credit to their centre, and in 
volved many of the most wealthy houses of ITew 
York in hopeless bankruptcy. 

The completion of the Croton Aqueduct, in 1842, re- 
moved the inconvenience of a deficiency of water, and 
left an imperishable monument to the glory of New 
York. 

A temporary check in the progress of the city was 
sustained by the great fire of 1845, which destroyed 
property to the extent of about $7,000,000 ; but shortly 
afterwards a new and vigorous impulse was again given 
to the commercial enterprise of the metropolis, by the 
constant influx of gold from the seeming exhaustless 
resources of the El Dorado of the Pacific 



GENERAL VIEW. 

The City of New York, from its geographical posi- 
tion, having become tne great centre of commercial 
enterprise, is justly regarded as the Metropolitan City 
of the New World. In mercantile importance it bears 
the same relation to the United States that London does 
to Great Britain. Its past history is replete with in- 
terest, for it has been the theatre of some of the most 
important events that pertain to our country's memo- 
rable career: and although it possesses fewer historic 
shrines than are to be found in many cities of the Old 
World, yet its chronicles still live as treasured relics in 
the hearts of its people, and on the page of its national 
records. If we take a retrospective glance, we shall 
find that a little more than two centuries ago, this 
island of Mannahata — its earliest recorded name, had its 
birth-day of civilization in a few rude huts, and a fort 
situated where the Bowling Green now stands ; and, in 
this comparatively brief interval in the lifetime of a na- 
tion, it has bounded from the infant Dorp or village into 



GENERAL VIEW. 21 

a noble city of palaces with its half million of inhabit- 
ants. It is now the great workshop of the Western 
world — the busy hive of industry, with its tens ot 
thousands of artisans, mechanics, and merchants, send- 
ing out to all sections of its wide-spread domain, the 
magic results of machinery for all departments of han- 
dicraft, and argosies of magnificent vessels for garner- 
ing in the wealth of foreign climes. 

If we glance prospectively, how shall we venture to 
limit its progressive march in opulence and greatness ? 
In less than half a century hence, it will doubtless 
double its present numerical importance. As illustra- 
tions of the enormous increase in the value of real 
estate, it may be mentioned that a lot on the northwest 
corner of Chambers street and Broadway, was pur- 
chased by a gentleman who died in 1858, for $1000. 
Its present value is now<estimated at no less a sum than 
$125,000. 

The lots lately sold at auction, by Ludlow & Co., 
under the direction of the executors of Judge Jay, 
were a part of the fifteen acres bought by the late 
John Jay, at $500 per acre. One lot out of said pur- 
chase, situated on Broadway, we are inforuied has 
been sold within the past month for $80,000. Fabu- 
lous as is the advance from $500 per acre to $80,000 
per lot, it is fully justified, as the present owner — who 
is now erecting a store on the lot — has refused a rent 
of $16,000 per year for the same. 

A little more than two centuries since, the entire 
site of this noble city was purchased of the Indians for 
what was equivalent to the nominal sum of twenty- 
four dollars. Now the total amount of its assessed 
property tax is ten and a half millions of dollars. If 
such vast accessions of wealth have characterized the 
history of the past, who shall compute the constantly 
augmenting resources of its onward course? Half a 
century ago, the uses of the mighty agents of steam 
and the electric current were unknown : now the whole 
surface of our vast country is threaded over with a 



22 NEW YOEK AS IT WAS. 

net-work of railroads, and onr seas, lakes, and rivers 
are thickly studded with steamers ; stately vessels, 
freighted with the fruits of commerce, all tending to 
this city as the central mart of trade. Half a century 
ago it took weeks to transmit news from New York to 
New Orleans — now our communications are conveyed 
over the length and breadth of the land almost with 
the velocity of the lightning's flash. Within a like in- 
terval the most rapid printing-press was slowly worked 
by hand-power — now the winged messengers of intel- 
ligence are multiplied with the marvellous rapidity of 
60,000 copies an hour. While the mechanic arts have 
thus revolutionized the social condition of the past, a 
corresponding change has marked its history, in the 
establishment of numerous schools of learning — dif- 
fusing their benelicent influence on the minds and 
morals of the masses. 

Tlien, again, as respects its costly stores and private 
residences, New York seems to vie with London and 
Paris. All along Broadway, and its intersecting streets, 
the eye is greeted everywhere by long lines of marble 
and stone buildings, many of them of great architect- 
ural elegance. The several broad Avenues and Squares, 
in the upper part of the city, are studded with a succes- 
sion of splendid mansions — in some instances costing 
from $50,000 to $200,000 each. There are, it is esti- 
mated, some three hundred churches, many of them of 
costly and magnificent proportions; while its superb 
hotels — the boast of the metropolis — are, in some in- 
stances, capable of accommodating about one thousand 
guests. 

How mighty and far-reaching must its influence be- 
come in its future progress, it were difficult to compute: 
since its numerical extent, numbering at present, if we 
include Brooklyn and the adjacent places on the west, 
over a million of souls, will ere long place it, in the 



t IS C09- 

laginable 
iuence of 
and con- 
What in- 
-the rude 
cing, the 
illiterate, 
the doer, 
le aged — 
lits, man 

ts ; let us 
features, 
ire inces- 
e are yet 
jteri sties : 
lew of its 
noney-ex- 
;vous, the 
ly mighty 
been con- 
, and here, 
blic bene- 



Chatham 
a glimpse 
s of New 




Broadway, as seen from Dr. Chapin's Church. 



NEW YORK AS IT IS. 



Society in New York has many phases — it is cos- 
mopohtan — an amalgam, composed of all imaginable 
varieties and shades of character. It is a confluence of 
many streams, whose waters are ever turbid and eon- 
fused in their rushing to this great vortex. What in- 
congruous elements are here commingled, — the rude 
and the refined, the sordid and the self-sacrificing, the 
religious and the profane, the learned and the illiterate, 
the aflfluent and the destitute, the thinker and the doer, 
the virtuous and the ignoble, the young and the aged — 
all nations, dialects, and sympathies — all habits, man 
ners, and customs of the civilized globe. 

City life everywhere presents protean aspects; let us 
take a glance at some of its more striking features, 
aotwithstanding the mixed multitudes that are inces- 
santly thronging its various avenues. There are yet 
certain localities that exhibit distinct characteristics : 
life in Wall-street presents an epitomized view of its 
mercantile phase. Here are its banks, its money-ex- 
jhangers, and their great place of rendezvous, the 
Exchange; beneath the dome of which many mighty 
projects have had their birth. Here have been con- 
cocted vast schemes of commercial enterprise, and here, 
too, have originated many noble acts of public bene- 
faction. 

Up Nassau street, to its junction with Chatham 
street, of mock-auction notoriety, we catch a glimpse 
of another phase of city life. To denizens of New 



24 CITY OF NEW TOKK. 

York, society is usually known under the generic di- 
visions of Broadway and Bowery. Each has its dis- 
tinct idiosyncracies : the former being regarded as 
patrician, and the latter as plebeian. Looking at New 
York longitudinally, we may say that Canal street, at 
present, marks the boundary of the great workshop. 
In the precincts of Union Square and Madison Square, 
and especially the Fifth Avenue, we find the monu- 
ments of the wealth, taste, and splendor of its citizens. 

The southern part of the city — its original site — ex- 
hibits all kinds of irregularity — the streets are narrow, 
sinuous and uneven in their surface; but the northern 
or u})per portion is laid out in right angles. There are 
some twelve fine avenues, at parallel distances apart of 
about 800 feet. There are about 200 miles of paved 
streets in the Metropolis, extending to Forty-fourth 
street; exclusive of projected streets not yet paved, 
over 100 streets more. The city has been laid out and 
surveyed to the extent of 12 miles from the Battery. 
The portion occupied exceeds in circumference more 
than extent. 

Perhaps the densest parts of the Metropolis, — itg 
very heart, from whence issues the vitalizing tide of 
its commerce, — is the junction of Nassau and Fulton 
streets, and its vicinity. The collision of interests 
which all the stir and traffic of these crowded scenes 
involve, brings human nature into strong relief, and 
intensifies the lights and shades of character. 

It is in these dusty avenues to wealth — these vesti- 
bules where fraud contends with honor for an entrance 
into the temple, that we read the heart of man better 
than in books. 

The great characteristic of New York is din and ex- 
citement, — every thing is done in a hurry — all is intense 
anxiety. It is especially noticeable in the leading 
tlioroughfare of Broadway ; where the noise and con- 
fusion caused by the incessant passing and repassing of 
some 18,000 vehicles a day, render it a Babel scene of 
confusion. 



A bird's eye view. 25 

New York has been ever and justly renowned for its 
catholic and liberal public benefactions and charities. 
Among her many glories, this is most consfjicuous. 
New York may be called the asylum for the oppressed 
and distressed of all nations. Abounding in beneficent 
institutions suited to the relief of the various "ills that 
flesh is heir to," and enriched with the most liberal en- 
dowments for classical and popular instruction, she 
bears the palm in all that pertains to the moral, intel- 
lectual, and physical advancement of society. It is 
true we are a mercantile and money-making people, 
but the empire city is an illustration of some of its 
noblest uses. 

By way of introduction to the city in detail, we rec- 
ommend the visitor first to get a bird's-eye view of 
it from the steeple of Trinity church. A view from 
this elevation, over 320 feet in height, afibrds a good 
idea of the general extent and topography of the city. 
The tower is accessible to the public at any time of the 
day, excepting the hours devoted to divine service, 
morning and afternoon. To facilitate the ascent of the 
church tower there are landing-places ; at the first of 
these you have a fine view of the interior of this 
Cathedral-like edifice. At the next resting-place is the 
belfry, with its solemn chimes : here too is a balcony 
allowing us a first view of the city. Still higher up 
we gain a magnificent panoramic view of all we have 
left below us, — wliich amply repays our toilsome tour 
of many steps. The variegated scene stretches out in 
every direction, with new beauties, — north and south 
lies Broadway with its teeming multitudes and its 
numberless vehicles ; west and east are crowded 
streets of house-tops terminating only with the waters 
of the inclosing rivers. Looking eastward, we see 
Wall street immediately below us, with the Treasury 
Building on the left, and a little further on the right 
the Custom-house, the ^Y all-street ferry, and the East 
River which separates New York from Brooklyn ; 
with the New York bay stretching to the southeast. 



26 OITT OF NEW YORK. 

Sandy Hook, the Highlands of Neversink, and the 
coast of Staten Island. To the northeast, the eastern 
district of Brooklyn, formerly known as Williamsburg, 
the Navy Yard, &c., and still further to the north, the 
rocky channel called Hurl-gate, — so perilous to our 
Dutch forefathers; near by Randall and Blackwell's 
Islands, with their City Asylums. Transferring our 
gaze to Broadway, we notice on the corner of Wall 
street the Bank of the Republic, and on the next 
street the Metropolitan Bank. Passing several fine 
marble buildings, we notice Barnum's Museum on the 
east side of Broadway, and opposite to it "St. Paul's 
Church, then the Astor House, tlfe Park, and the City 
Hall; the brown-stone building on tlie east side being 
that of the Times Office. Beyond the City Hall in- 
closure is Stewart's marble palace, then the City Hos- 
pital, surrounded with trees, and opposite it, Bowen 
& McNamee's fine marble building; further north are 
numerous elegant stores, including Brooks' brown- 
stone structure, Lord & Taylor's marble edifice, St. 
Nicholas Hotel, the Metropolitan, and still further on 
in the distance, Grace Cliurch, with its beautiful white 
spire. Union Park, &c. 

Turning to the opposite point of view, the Hudson 
river, with Jersey City, and Hoboken, with its beauti- 
ful walks, its distant hills and valleys ; on this side of 
the river, the steamers, ships, and docks. This superb 
river has been often compared with the Rhine for its 
picturesque beauty, we can here get but a faint idea of 
it, for its bold scenery is seen only after journeying 
some 40 miles to the north, we catch merely a glimpse 
of the Palisades, beginning at Weehawken and extend- 
ing about 20 miles. Veering to the south, we see the 
fortified islets of the lower bay, with Staten Island, 
Richmond, &c., with their numerous picturesque cot- 
tages, villas, and castellated mansions, and to the south- 
west, the Raritan bay, the Passaic river, leading to 
Newark in the distance, &c. 



PAEK8 AND PUBTif SQUARES. 27 



PAEKS AIN^D PUBLIC SQUAEES. 

BATTERY. 

Commencing our descriptions of the notabilia of 
New- York with its pleasure-grounds and parks, we 
ought first to mention the Battery^ situated at the 
southernmost terminus of the metropolis. These 
grounds cover an area of about twelve acres, of the 
crescent form, having a profusion of stately trees, 
which afford a delightful place of retreat in the sum- 
mer-time, for pleasure-seekers, who prefer to inhale 
the fresh sea-breeze under their shade to the crowded 
throngs of fashion in the city. The walks stretching 
along the margin of these grounds were formerly much 
frequented, but of late years, in consequence of the 
rapid growth of the city, all private residences having 
been transferred to the upper or northern part of the 
city, are consequently now not so much an object of 
attraction. Connected with the Battery is Castle 
Garden. Originally a fortitication, it was sabse(iuently 
let on lease as a place of public amusement. It was prob- 
ably the largest audience-room in the world. It was 
the scene of Jenny Lind's first appearance in America. 
This building has now little architectural beauty to 
boast; having been for some time used as a depot for 
emigrants. The grounds of the Battery have been need- 
lessly extended within the last few years at an enormous 
expense to the city. 

BOWLING GREEN. 

Close to the Battery, at the entrance to Broadway, 
is the small inclosure so called, from having been 
used as such prior to the Kevolution. At that time 
it contained a leaden equestrian statue of George III., 
which the populace in their patriotic zeal demolished, 



28 OiTt OF NEW YORK. 

and converted into musket-balls. On this site there is 
now a fountain, which is during summer to be seen 
bubbling up with the clear waters of the Oroton. 

THE PARK 

Is a triangular inclosure of about 11 acres, containing 
the City Hall and other public buildings. At the 
southern part there is a beautiful fountain, inclosed 
in a basin 100 feet in diameter. ■ The iron is in the 
shape of an Egyptian lily, around it are numerous 
perforations through which small jets of water are pro- 
jected, which descending form a mist, while the main 
jet throws up a column of water to a great height, 
amidst the surrounding trees. 

ST. JOHN'S PARK, 

Or Hudson Square, situated between Laight, Varick, 
and Hudson streets, is a small, but beautiful inclo- 
sure thickly planted with lofty trees. It is the prop- 
erty of the vestry of Trinity Church. 

WASHINGTON SQUARE, 

Formerly the site of a Potter's Field, occupies about 
nine acres, and is decorated with numerous gravel- walks, 
and an elegant fountain in the centre of the grounds. 
It forms a pleasant up-town park, situated a little to 
the west of Broadway, between Fourth and Eighth 
streets. It is surrounded by rows of fine buildings — 
private residences on each side, and at the east end by 
the New York University and Dr. Hutton's Church — 
each tine Gothic structures. 

UNION PARK 

Is in Union Sqiiare, at the upper or northern en 
of Broadway — extending from 14th to 17th streets. 
This pleasure-ground is inclosed by a handsome iron 
railing, and contains a variety of fine trees, gravel- 



PARKS AND PUBLIC SQUAEES. 29 

walks, and also a fountaiu. At the south side is the 
bri)nze equestrian statue of Washington and the Union 
Place Hotel, at the opposite extremity are the Everett 
House and the Clarendon, and at the western side, 
Dr. Cheever's Church and tlae Spingler Hotel, 



GRAMERCY FARE, 

Situated a little to the northeast of the above, is a 
select and beautiful inclosure on a smaller scale. This 
park is private property, having been ceded to tlie 
owners of the surrounding lots by S. B. Ruggles, Esq. 
It forms the area between 20tli and 21st streets, and 
the 3d and 4th Avenues. 

STUYVESANT PARK 

Extends from 15th to I7th streets, and is divided by 
the intersecting passage of the Second Avenue. The 
Rev. Dr. Tyng's Church is upon the west side of this 
park. The ground was i)resented by the late P. G. 
Stuyvesant, Esq., to the corporation of the church. 

TOMPKINS SQUARE 

Is one of the largest parks of the city. It occupies the 
area formed by Avenues A and B, and 7th and 10th 
streets. 

MADISON SQUARE, 
Comprising 10 acres, is at the junction of Broadway 
and Fifth Avenue. On the west side stands the monu- 
ment of General Worth. The houses surrounding this 
park include sonie of the most elegant of the city. 

THE CENTRAL PARK, 

Contains 843 acres, and embraces in its limits the 

grounds appropriated to both the Croton Reservoir, 

and the Arsenal. It is one of, the largest parks in the 

3* 



30 CITY OF NE-W YORK. . 

world. The Bois de Boulogne is, of course, larger ; but 
the Central Park is twice as large as most of the London 
parks. 

The Park is bounded on the west by the Eighth 
Avenue, on the east by the Fifth Avenue, on the south 
by Fifty-ninth street, and on the north by what has been 
marked One-hundred-and-tenth street. It possesses al- 
ready the several essentials of a picturesque park — pond, 
stream, hill, rock, plain, and slope. The ridge which 
rises near the Battery, and forms the back-bone of the 
Island of Manhattan, traverses the Park from end to 
end; forming, in its course, at least two admirable 
points of view from which delicious views of the 'adja- 
cent scenery may be obtained. Through the valleys 
beneath, course little brooks, which, with the help of 
thorough drainage, have been swelled into consider- 
able streams, while a swarnp has been converted by 
skilful engineering into a lake of one hundred acres, 
serving as one of the receiving reservoirs of the city. 
There are hills, too, with rough, rocky sides, which will 
pass, with a little trimming, for mountain scenery; and 
there are passes, which, with appropriate foliage, may 
almost figure as Alpine valleys. Nature has done so 
much, that there is little left for the engineer but to 
beautify and trim its excrescences. 

The Park contains, besides the large structure former- 
ly used as an Arsenal, and the Croton Lake and distribu- 
ting reservoir, a parade ground of fifty acres in extent, 
on which infantry, cavalry, and artillery can manoeuvre 
together. A short distance south of the parade ground 
will be found the Botanical Gardens. From botanical 
surveys already made, it appears that the ground is 
adapted to the cultivation of an unusual variety of plants 
and flowers. In fact so many and so various are the 
charms of this beautiful resort, that, although it is visited 
annually by hundreds of thousands of persons, it may 
still be said that it is not yet fully and justly appreciated 
by those who live within reach of its enjoyments ; and 



*31 

fuller 
sident 
lis re- 
3r the 
i can 
r the 



ighth 
vhich 
een," 
con- 
ay be 
3rs to 
[ways 
r the 



re or 
o the 
.f the 
great 
it we 
note 



) the 
jauty 
entire 




City Hall. (p. Hl.i 



PARKS AND PUBLIC SQUARES. *31 

one object which we have in view in giving a fuller 
synopsis of its attractions, is to induce the tired resident 
of the city to avail hiinself more frequently of this re- 
treat. As a place of education, a pleasant school for the 
instruction of the taste, the value of the Park can 
scarcely be exaggerated. But we must answer the 
question : 

How are ice to get there f 

The cars of the Second, Third, Sixth, and Eighth 
Avenue railroads, stopping either at 65th street, which 
leads to that portion of the Park known as the "Green," 
or at 79th street, leading to the '' Ramble,'' afford con- 
venient access ; to which means of conveyance may be 
added the various stage lines which carry passengers to 
within a few blocks of the Park. The cars should always 
be avoided by those who are unwilling to pay for the 
privilege of standing up. 



Whither to go after reaching the Park, 

The principal walks of the lower park lead more or 
less directly to the Mall Terrace, and through this to the 
bridge, which is the central arcliitectural feature of the 
plan. The attractions of this spot are perhaps as great 
as any within the limits of the Park, and from it we 
may take a view of the scene before us, and may note 
especially 

The Archways and Bridges. 

These constitute a chief object of admiration to the 
visitor, are about thirty in number, of great beauty 
and variety of form and material, no two of the entire 



32* CITY OF NEW YORK. 

number being alike. And now passing from these, we 
find ourselves among the attractions of the 



Of which no better view can be had than that from the 
hill which rises about forty yards distant from the iron 
Bridge, and commands a fair prospect of the lower park. 
But the beauties of this place must be explored by the 
tasteful visitor, who will admire, in turn, the paths leading 
along the shore, the bold projections of rock, the well- 
arranged contrivances for rural effect, and, above all, 
the intermingled beauties of wood and water, verdure 
and rock. A charming view of the entire area of the 
Park may be had from the 



Vista BocTc^ 

That rises on the south side of the old reservoir, and at- 
tains an eminence surpassing that of any other point. A 
still wider range may be secured by ascending the Bell 
Tower, when we have the whole lower park lying in full 
view for a mile below us : the Lake and the Ramble are 
almost at our feet ; the Oroton Reservoirs are close to us 
on the north ; and a mile and a quarter away is seen a 
pile of brick and painted wood, now used as offices of the 
Park — being more than a quarter of a mile this side of 
its northern boundary. Still further beyond, we see the 
High Bridge — Westchester county — and the East River. 
Under the rock on which we are standing passes one 
of the 

Sub-waySy 

Or traffic-roads^ as they are less descriptively called in 
the nomenclature of the park. These are of infinite 



*33 

)f the ar- 
I business, 
3 park at 
1 streets; 
e-seekers, 
: of their 
en given, 
glneers of 
ful roads. 



5 time the 
Varing, in 
' the deep 

northern 
ts darkly 
rs passing 
an troops 

their dis- 
)f Harlem 
ling from 
on of the 

dest road 
ad, is still 
^ark. It 
I interest- 

this road 

Rochelle, 
le French 



carnage 
of walk. 



^ 



aile wide. 
The soil is 




Custom House, (p. 33.) 



PAEKS AND PUBLIC SQUARES. *33 

importance to the beauty and convenience of the ar- 
rangements, as they allow the travel incident to business, 
to pass unhindered on its way, crossing the park at 
four places, viz., at 65th, 79th, 85th, and 97th streets ; 
while no impediment is suffered by the pleasure-seekers, 
who are left in the uninterrupted enjoyment of their 
rides, drives, or walks. Much credit has been given, 
both in this country and in Europe, to the engineers of 
the Park for the clever suggestion of these useful roads. 



The Upper Parh 

Is the most bold and romantic, and at the same time the 
richest in its historical associations. Major Waring, in 
his admirable Guide to the Park, tells us that " the deep 
valley called McGowan's Pass, dividing this northern 
portion, is the valley which by means of its darkly 
wooded hillsides sheltered the secret messengers passing 
between the scattered parties of the American troops 
who, during the few days intervening between their dis- 
heartening rout on Long Island and the battle of Harlem 
Plains, rallied about the range of hills extending from 
Fort Washington to Bloomingdale." A portion of the 
"Old Boston Road," venerable as being the oldest road 
out of New York, on the east side of the island, is still 
visible in the northeastern section of the Park. It 
should, if possible, be suffered to remain as an interest- 
ing and precious relic of the past. It was by this road 
that the Huguenot refugees, living in New Rochelle, 
came into the city to attend the services at the French 
Church on Sunday. 

Miscellaneous Items. — There are 9 miles of carriage 
roads, 5 miles of bridle paths, and 21 miles of walk. 
The length of the four sub-ways is 2 miles. 

The park is 2^- miles in length and half a mile wide. 
The rock visible is chiefly primary (gneiss). The soil is 



34* CITY OF NEW YOEK. 

composed for the most part of diluvial deposits, in which 
are many boulders (mainly trap rock), and the debris of 
the gneiss rock. 

The lowest point, about 109th street and Fifth Avenue, 
is less than 2 feet above the tide ; the highest, at 83d 
street, near Eighth Avenue, is 138 feet above the tide. 

What is lacMng io the completeness of the Parle. — 
The prevailing fault of the Central Park is its monotony, 
the lack of variety in its attractions ; such a want, in fact, 
as could be supplied by the introduction of a few noble 
trees, and by the establishment of a columbary, a pheas- 
antery, a deer park, and a Victoria Regia house — all of 
which might easily be secured at a cost considerably 
less than the sum expended upon a single bridge. There 
seems to have been a strange obliviousness of the fact 
that roads and bridges, however well built or stately, 
are not properly embellishments. 

It should be remembered that 

A road is a road, though with gold it be paven ; 
A bridge is a bridge, though it take us to heaven. 

A columbary containing some forty varieties of 
pigeons, the tulips of the feathered tribe ; a pheasantery, 
with gold and silver pheasants, besides those native to 
our own forests; a deer park, well inclosed, and con- 
taining a few " antlered lords ;" and a Victoria house, 
where might be seen this moot noble of the aquatic 
plants ; — these would indeed be a source of pleasure both 
to Y^:)ung America, and to Old. The excellence and 
beauty of the roads and bridges would be doubly felt 
when they afforded an easy means of communication 
with these agreeable resorts. 



PTJSLIO BUILDINGS. 31 

THE CITY HALL. 

This is an imposing edifice, and, for the most part, 
built of marble. It was constructed between the years 
1803-10. At the celebration of the Atlantic Telegraph, 
the clock-tower and other upper portions of the build- 
ing were destroyed by fire, but have since been rebuilt. 

Previous to the completion of the new cupola, our 
City Fathers contracted with Messrs. Sperry & Co., the 
celebrated tower-clock makers of Broadway, to build a 
clock for it, at a cost not exceeding $4,000, that our 
citizens might place the utmost reliance upon, as a time- 
keeper of unvarying correctness. During the month of 
April the clock was completed, and the busy thousands 
who were daily wont to look up to the silent monitor, 
above which the figure of justice was enthroned, hailed 
its appearance with the utmost satisfaction. It is un- 
doubtedly the finest specimen of a tower clock on this 
side of the Atlantic, and as an accurate time-keeper 
competent judges pronounce it to be unsurpassed in the 
world. The main wheels are thirty inches in diameter, 
the escapement is jeweled, and the pendulum, which is 
in itself a curiosity, is over fourteen feet in length. 
It is a curious fact that the pendulum bob weighs 
over 300 pounds; but so finely finished is every 
wheel, pinion and pivot in the clock, and so little power 
is required to drive them, that a weight of only 100 
pounds is all that is necessary to keep this ponderous 
mass of metal vibrating, and turn four pairs of hands on 
the dials of the cupola! The clock does not stand, as 
many suppose, directly behind the dials, but in the story 
below, and a perpendicular iron rod twenty-five feet in 
length connects it with the dial-works above. 

In the building are the several ofiices of the Mayor, 
Common Council and Aldermen, the Governor's room, 
City Library, and other business ofiices. 

The United States District Court is located in Cham- 
bers street, at the rear of the City Hall. The several 
other Courts are held in the brown stone building, sit- 
uated at the northeast angle of the City Hall. 



32 CITY OF NEW YORK. 



Occupying the building which was formerly the Mer- 
chants' Exchange, is located between Wall street, Ex- 
change Place, William and Hanover streets. The material 
employed in its construction is blue Quincy granite, and 
it is characterized by fine proportions, and massive, sub- 
stantial appearance. Its dimensions are on such a scale 
as to produce a fine architectural effect, being in length, 
200 feet; in width, from 144 to l7l; while it has an 
elevation of VT feet at the cornice, and 124 feet at the 
top of the dome. The portico of eighteen Ionic columns, 
which graces its front, imparts to it an imposing effect. 
The interior of the building fully sustains the impression ; 
for besides the numerous apartments set apart to various 
uses, it contains a rotunda in the centre, surmounted 
by a lofty dome, which is supported, in part, by eight 
Corinthian columns of Italian marble. This rotunda is 
capable of containing 3000 persons. Its entire cost, 
including the ground, was over $1,800,000. The archi- 
tect was Isaiah Rogers ; and it was built on the site of 
the old Exchange, destroyed by the fire of 1835. The 
original stockholders lost every penny of their invest- 
ment, it having been sold to other hands to defray the 
mortgage held by the Barings of London. 

THE MERCHANTS' EXCHANGE 

Is now held in William street, near Exchange Place. 
The Merchants' Exchange sales-room is in the Trinity 
Building, on Broadway, north of Trinity Church. 

THE POST-OFFICE, 

In Nassau street, between Cedar and Liberty streets, 
was formerly the Middle Dutch Church. At a time — 
namely, during the war of the Revolution — when most 



PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 33 

of the churches were turned to military use by the 
British, this one sustained the greatest injuries ; which 
more or less, however, fell upon all. In 1790, it received 
such repairs as fitted it again for public worship ; but it 
was afterwards secured by the government and devoted 
to its present use, — that of a post-oflice. Its internal 
arrangements are extensive, and well adapted to the 
objects of its present use; the postmaster's room is so 
situated as to command a view of all that is going on in 
the building. It was in the old wooden steeple of this 
building that Franklin practised his experiments in 
electricity. 

THE UNITED STATES TREASURY AND ASSAY OFFICE, 

On the corner of Wall and Nassau streets, is a splendid 
building, constructed in the Doric order of Grecian 
architecture. It is built in the most substantial manner 
of white marble, something after the model of the Par- 
thenon at Athens ; as a piece of masonry, it is equal to 
any structure extant, and to judge from appearances, 
likely to become as enduring as the pyramids; it occupies 
the site of the old Federal Hall. The building is 200 

■ feet long, 80 feet wide, and 80 feet high : at the southern 

■ end, on Wall street, is a portico of eight purely Grecian 
_ columns, 5 feet 8 inches in diameter, and 32 feet high ; 
1 and on the northern end, on Pine street, is a correspond- 

J ing portico, of similar columns. The front portico is 
ascended by eighteen marble steps, and the rear portico, 
on Pine street, by only three or four marble steps. It is 
two lofty stories high above the basement story. The 
great. business hall is a splendid room, 60 feet in diame- 
ter. The cost of the building, including the ground, was 
$1,195,000. 

THE CITY ARMORY. 

The old City Aemort or Arsenal, is situated at the 
junction of Elm and White streets, extending 84 feet on 



34 CITY OF NEW TOEK. 

Elm, and 81 feet on White street. The edifice is so con- 
structed, that in case of any popular tumult, it could be 
defended by a garrison of 50 nien. The ground-floor 
is used as a gun-room, and the upper room for drilling, 
&c. The style of the architecture is a kind of gothic, 
with castellated towers. This arsenal contains a por- 
tion of the artillery of the first division of the New 
York State Militia. It is intended that a large flagstafip 
shall be erected on the centre of the roof of this build- 
ing, in order that telegraphic communications may be 
conveyed by wires from it to the new arsenal up towr,, 
which is situated on the corner of Thirty-fifth street 
and Seventh Avenue. 

THE HALL OF RECORDS, 

Located to the east of the City Ilall, was origii.ally 
used for a prison, and subsequently as a cholera hos- 
pital. It is of coarse stone stuccoed over; th( en- 
trances north and south, are ornamented with [onic 
columns. The building is now used as the Depository 
for Deeds, Records, &c. 

THE HALLS OF JUSTICE. 

This is the city prison, or as it is more familiarly styled, 
from its gloomy aspect, ''the Tombs." It is a spacious 
building, or rather series of buildings, — occu)>ying the 
square bounded by Centre street on the east. Elm street 
on the west, and Franklin and Leonard streets on the 
north and south. It is a massive structure, in the 
Egyptian style, the main entrance being by an ascent 
of steps beneath a large portico supported by massive 
Egyptian columns. The Court of Sessions, Police 
Court, and others, are held in this building. It also 
comprises the prison, which has about 150 cells. The 
house of detention measures 142 feet by 45. The 
place of execution of criminals is the interior court- 
yard. The edifice was completed in 1838. On appli- 
cation to the keeper, visitors may obtain admission to 
the building. 



ii' 




BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS 35 



BENEYOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 

BLACKWELL'S ISLAND. 

A vi;^it to the .several tstablishincnts on this island will 
well repay any one interested in the elforts for amel- 
iorating human suffering. There are on the island, the 
Penitentiary, with its 500 to 1000 convicts, the Alms- 
House Hospital, the Lunatic Asylum, and the N'ew 
Work-House, — which last is one of the most com])lete 
editices in the country. It is built of stone taken from 
the quarries of the island. It is a very spacious build- 
ing, being capable of holding about 600 persons ; all its 
internal arrangements are very complete. The humane 
object of this institution is to separate vagrants from 
criminals, and to compel all to work who are able to 
do something towards their own support. The build- 
ing, which is 325 feet in length, cost about $100,000. 
Tickets for admission to the island can be obtained of 
the Secretary of the Governors of the Alms- House 
Department, at the Rotunda, rear of the City Hall. 
There are various modes of conveyance thither, — by 
the Second or Third Avenue cars, and by steamer 
wliich leaves foot of Grand street. East River, or by 
the Harlem stage froni 23 Chatham street to 61st 
street, and cross to the island at any hour. 

WARD'S ISLAND 

May also be visited by the same conveyances, on ob- 
taining a permit from the Commissioners of Emigra- 
tion, at their office in the New City Hall, near the 
junction of Chambers and Centre streets. 

RANDALL'S ISLAND 

May be reached also by boat from foot of Grand street 
each day at noon. Here aie the nurseries for tlie sup- 



86 CITY OF NEW YOKK. 

port and instruction of destitute children. This insti- 
tution is the most interesting of all, and commends 
itself to the sympathies of all who would become 
acquainted with the benevolent agencies of ITew York 
city. Permits may be had, as for Blackwell's Island. 
There are usually to be seen here, in the several insti- 
tutions, from 4000 to 5000 persons young and old. 

THE NEW YORK ORPHAN ASYLUM, 

Situated in Bloomingdale, near Eightieth street, com-^ 
prises a fine building 120 feet by 60, and nine acres of 
ground, laid out with much taste. These grounds com- 
mand a splendid view of the Hudson and East Rivers 
with the surrounding scenery. There are in this insti- 
tution about 200 orphans. The institution was incor- 
porated by charter in 1807, and its present edifice was 
completed in 1840. It is a most praiseworthy insti- 
tution, and a very interesting one to visit. 

THE BLOOMINGDALE ASYLUM FOR THE INSANE, 

A branch of the New York Hospital, is situated in the 
Bloomingdale Road, at a distance of about seven miles 
from the City Hall. It occupies a most beautiful and 
commanding site, and its approach and surroundings 
are admirably fitted to hghten the sense of depression 
and gloom which we instinctively associate with every 
establishment of the kind. The treatment administer- 
ed to its unfortunate inmates, too, is of the most en- 
lightened, humane, and rational sort. The principal 
building is 211 feet in length, 60 in depth, and four 
stories in height; with side buildings. 

The approach to the Asylum from the southern en- 
trance, by the stranger Avho associates the most sombre 
scenes with a lunatic hospital, is highly pleasing. The 
sudden opening of the view, the. extent of the grounds, 
the various avenues gracefully winding through so 
arge a lawn ; the cedar hedges, the fir and other orna- 
mental trees, tastefully distributed or grouped, the 



1 «. ^' 



^ V -si 




» v^v.^^ i^'iN. 



X E A\- York Hospital 



BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS 37 

variety of shrubbery and flowers. The central build- 
ing, however, is always open to visitors, and the view 
from the top of it, being the most extensive and beauti- 
ful of any in the vicinity of the city, is well worthy 
of their attention. 

THE NEW YORK HOSPITAL. 

Situated on Broadway, between Duane and Worth 
streets, is a most important benevolent institution. It 
dates back to 1771, when it was founded by the Earl 
of Dunmore, who was at that time governor of the 
colony. The accommodation for patients, which of late 
yeare has been greatly enlarged, is very extensive, and 
excellent in every respect. It is a receptacle in cases of 
sudden accidents. It is not altogether gratuitous ; but 
to such as are able to pay a little, it offers most import- 
ant advantages — four dollars a week commanding the 
best medical attendance, besides nursing and medicine. 
The students, too, have the benefit, for a small annual 
fee, of accompanying the surgeons in their rounds. 
The institution has an annual revenue from various 
sources of about $80,000, which is expended in the 
support of the establishment. The hospital buildings 
are fitted up in excellent style for the accommodation of 
patients. 

The approach to the Hospital from Broadway is by 
an avenue of 90 feet wide, planted with a double row 
of trees. The main building is of gray stone, 124 feet 
long, including its two wings, by 50 feet deep. It con- 
tains separate apartments for patients afflicted with 
contagious diseases, possesses a theatre for surgical oper- 
ations, and other apartments, and also a Marine de- 
partment. The average number of patients admitted 
annually may be stated at 3000 to 3500. The best 
medical attendance is secured to this institution. 

JEWS HOSPITAL 

Is located at 158 West Twenty-eighth street. 
4 



38 CITY OF NEW YORK. 

CHILDRENS' HOSPITAL AND NTJRSERY, 

East Fifty-first street, near Lexington Avenue. 

In connection with the New York Hospital may be 
mentioned, 

THE NEW YORK DISPENSARIES. 

Which are associations for giving medicine and medical 
advice to the poor. The Northern Dispensar}^, situated 
on the corner of Christopher and Sixth streets, was 
founded in 1829 ; and the Eastern Dispensary, on the 
corner of Ludlow street and Essex Market Phice, was 
instituted in 1834. There is also a still older Dispensary 
on the corner of Wliite and Centre streets, established 
in 1795; and is estimated to have given relief to more 
than fifty thousand patients since its first organiz- 
ation. 

THE DEMILT DISPENSARY 

Is a fine building at the corner of the Second Avenue 
and Twenty-third street, which with the ground cost 
$30,000— the noble donation of the late Miss Demilt. 
About 3000 patients are annually benefited by this 
noble charity of a single benefactor. 

THE ASYLUM FOR AGED INDIGENT FEMALES 

Is located in Twentieth street, near Second Avenue. Its 
title indicates sufliciently the object of the institution, 
which is both well filled and well sustained. 

ST. LUKE'S HOSPITAL, 

At the corner of Fifth Avenue and Fiftieth street, is an 
admirable charity sustained by members of the Episco- 
pal Churches of New York. 



BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 39 

LEAKE AND WATTS ORPHAN ASYLUM, 

Located between the Fourth and Fifth Avenues, and 
near One hundred and seventeenth street, is another 
worthy institution, founded by the two benevolent per- 
sonages whose names it bears. The Asylum measures 
206 feet front, and it has 26 acres of ground. It sup- 
ports over 200 children. 

THE MAGDALEN FEMALE ASYLUM, 

Situate west of the Harlem railroad, between the streets 
known as Eighty-eighth and Eighty-ninth streets. This 
praiseworthy institution, as its name indicates, has been 
established for the recovery and restoration of fallen 
and distressed females. It is well sustained ; and by the 
self-sacrificing labors of the benevolent, has been pro- 
ductive of great good. 

THE UNIVERSITY MEDICAL SCHOOL, 

In Fourteenth street, between Irving Place and Third 
Avenue, has large apartments, and a regular faculty ; 
also a library of 5000 volumes. The museum is exten- 
sive and valuable. 

COLLEGE OF PHYSICIANS AND SURGEONS. 

This is a handsome edifice,corner of Twenty-third street 
and Fourth Avenue. It was founded in 1807, has eight 
professors and about two hundred students. There is 
a small library here, of about 1500 volumes, and an an- 
atomical museum. These museums are accessible to the 
public on application to the janitor. 

NEW YORK MEDICAL COLLEGE 

Is located at No. 90 East Thirteenth street ; it was char- 
tered in 1850, and is devoted to the instruction of young 
medical practitioners. It possesses a valuable anatomi- 
cal museum, chemical laboratory, &c. There is also in 
this building the College of Pharmacy. 



40 CITY OF NEW YOEK. 

THE INSTITUTION FOR THE DEAF AND DUMB. 

This noble and well-conducted Asylum is situated 
at Fanwood, Washington Heiglits, near 150th street, 
which is reached by means of the Hudson River rail- 
road. The principal building measures 110 feet by 60, 
and is five stories high. It is capable of accommodating 
from 200 to 300 pupils, exclusive of the principal and 
teachers, &;c. It is one of the best-endowed institutions 
of benevolence in New York ; being sustained by ap- 
propriations made by the State Legislature, by the City 
Corporation, and private benefactions. The pupils are 
instructed in tiie ordinary branches of learning, and 
some of them in the various trades. Dr. Peet is the 
superintendent. Open to the public from half-past one 
to four p. M. every day. 

THE INSTITUTION FOR THE BLIND 

Is on the Ninth Avenue, between Thirty-third and 
Thirty -fourth streets, occupying 32 lots of ground, pre- 
sented by James Boorman, Esq. The edifice is of gran- 
ite, and of the Gothic order of architecture. It owes 
its origin mainly to Dr. J. D. Russ, whose attention was 
directed to the sightless condition of a large number of 
the children in the City Alms House. Moved by the 
spectacle, he determined to devote himself to their re- 
lief, and for that purpose took seven children from the 
Alms House and gratuitously instructed them for nearly 
two years, and finally obtained the passage of an act by 
the legislature for their support. In this effort he was 
ably supported by Samuel Wood, a well-known member 
of the Society of Friends, and Dr. Samuel Akerly, dis- 
tinguished for his zeal and labors in behalf of the Insti- 
tution for the Deaf and Dumb. Here also the usual 
branches of education are taught, and the pupils are in- 
structed in the several useful arts of life. It is an ex- 
ceedingly useful object to visit, as is also the Deaf and 
Dumb Asylum. The Institution is open to visitors on 
week days, from one to six p. m., and may be conven- 
iently reached by stages and cars that run on the Eighth 
Avenue. 



BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 41 

THE HOUSE OF INDUSTRY AND HOME FOR THE 
FRIENDLESS 

Is located ou Thirtieth street, between Fourth and Madi- 
son Avenues. It is under the direction of a society de- 
voted to the protection of deserted children, and adult 
persons who may be in distress. This association has 
largely contributed to the relief of the poor and desti- 
tute of the city, — in one year it relieved, and provided 
with places, over 600 young and old. The society pub- 
lishes a paper semi-monthly, entitled " The Advocate 
and Guardian^'' which has a circuhxtion of about 15,000 
copies ; it has also published over 10,000 tracts, &c. 

THE HOUSE AND SCHOOL OF INDUSTRY 

Has its rooms No. 100 West Sixteenth street. It was 
organized in 1850. 

THE SOCIETY FOR THE RELIEF OF POOR WIDOWS 
WITH SMALL CHILDREN, 

Was or^nized in 1797, by the efforts of the late Mrs. 
Isabella Graham. Its average number of persons re- 
lieved, is about 200 widows and 500 children. Mrs. L. 
Perkins, 1st Directress, 78 West Fourteenth street. 

THE HOUSE OF INDUSTRY, 

In the Five Points, near Centre and Pearl streets, con 
ducted by the Rev. Mr. Pease, is another praiseworthy 
institution. Placed in the very midst of squalid poverty 
and crime, this excellent charity has achieved great 
results in rescuing and reclaiming the youth of vicious 
parentage. Mr. Pease's institution dates back only to 
1848, yet thus far has its progress been incomparably 
the most successful of any of the numerous noble chari- 
ties of New York. Persevering through numberless 
difficulties, Mr. Pease at length has achieved a great 
success in his laudable endeavors. He has now from 
100 to 200 inmates, rescued from the purlieus of vice 
4* 



42 CITY OF NEW YORK. 

and poverty; hopefully engaged in his "House of In- 
dustry." Since its foundation, between 800 and 900 
women have been sent out to places in the country. 
By his economical plan, the major part of tlie expenses 
of tlie establishment have been defrayed by the pro- 
ductive labor of the inmates. 

There are many other philanthropic societies in ISTew 
York, which it is not necessary to detail, as they may 
be found briefly named in the City Directory. The 
more prominent are the following benevolent societies: 

ODD FELLOWS HALL. 

The Independent Order of Odd Fellows number, in 
New York city, about 90 lodges, and about 12 encamp- 
ments, including many thousand members; many of 
the lodges have fine halls, in various parts of this city 
and the neighboring cities of Brooklyn, Williamsburg, 
Jersey City, &c. ; but the grand rendezvous of the order, 
is the large brown-stone building at thecorner of Grand 
and Centre streets, erected at a cost of $125,000. This 
imposing edifice presents a noble appearance, bfeing sub- 
stantially built, lofty, and surmounted by a dome. It 
contains a series of highly ornamented lodge-rooms, 
richly furnished and in different styles of architecture: 
some Egyptian, Grecian, Elizabethan, &c. These ele- 
gant apartments are well worth a visit. Tlie average 
receipts of the association which owns this edifice, is 
estimated at about $75,000. Their distribution in the 
form of benefactions to the sick and poor, is on a scale 
of corresponding liberality. 

ANCIEIJT AND HONORABLE FRATERNITY OF FREE 
AND ACCEPIED MASONS. 

The M. W, Grand Lodge of the ancient and honorable 
fraternity of Free and Accepted Masons of the State of 
New York, meets at such commodious place as may be 
appointed on the 1st Tuesday in March, June, Septem- 
ber, and December. Subordinate lodges meet every 




Odd Fellows' Hall. (p. 42.) 



BENEVOLENT INSTITUTIONS. 4U 

eveninii: in Crosby street, corner of Broome street, and 
at Odd Fellows Hall, Grand and Centre streets. 

THE SAILORS SNUG HARBOR, 

An Asylum for aged and infirm seamen, is situated on 
the north side of Staten Island. It was founded by 
Capt. Randall in 1801, and incorporated in 1806 in New 
York ; the ])resent noble building on Staten Island, 
measures 225 feet in length, with 160 acres of ground ; 
about 300 aged and disabled seamen are here sui)ported. 
Near the Quarantine grounds, are the Senmeii's Retreat 
for the sick, and the Home for Sailo7'''s Children,, also the 
Marine Hosj^ital,, which is sui)[)urted by an emigrant 
tax of $2 on every cabin passenger, native of a foreign 
country, and 50 cents for every steerage passenger. 
The fund from these sources, amounts to nearly $100,000 
per annum. There is yet another benevolent marine 
society, styled The American Seameii's Friend Society^ 
whose object is to bring good influences to bear upon 
this class, by preaching, and by opening boarding-houses, 
reading-rooms, savings banks, &c. 

The Marine Society''s office, is at 38 Burling Slip. 
St. George's Society of New York, 40 Exchange Place. 
St. Andrew^ s Society,, 90 Broadway. 
St. David's " 93 Canal street. 
St. Kicholas " 11 Wall street. 
Neio England " Astor House. 
Italian Benevolent Society^ 685 Broadway. 
Irish Emigro,nt " 51 Chambers street. 

Hibernian Benevolent Society,, 42 Prince street. 
German Society of New York, 5 Battery Place. 
Ilehreio Benevolent Society.^ 1 Lamartine Place. 
German Mutual Society,, 136 Canal street. 
Friendly Sons of St. Fatricl',, 9 Warren street. 

The respective addresses of Societies not given in this 
list, are to be found in the New York Directory. 



44 CITY OF NEW YORK. 

THE PEOPLE'S BATHING AND WASHING ESTABLISH- 
MENT, 

No. 141 Mott street, near Grand street, is another 
benevolent institution; it is, in fact, a charity of the 
most elfective kind; since it induces cleanliness, and 
prevents sickness among the poor. It is much fre- 
quented : in a single day (summer time), as many as 
750 bathers have availed themselves of the establish- 
ment. The charge is from 5 to 10 cents admission. 
This institution is supported in part by subscriptions. 

There are many other public societies established in 
NeAv York, for the protection and improvement of the 
poor and the refractory. There are, independent of 
these, numerous religious associations, having for their 
object the religious culture of the destitute. 



LITEEAEY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITU- 
TIONS. 

THE ASTOR LIBRARY, 

Situated on Lafayette Place, near Astor Place, is justly 
regarded as the library collection of the continent. Its 
literary treasures comprise some of the rarest and most 
valuable productions of art extant. Dr. Cogswell, the 
learned Librarian, has collected from all parts of the old 
world a vast accumulation of costly works in all de- 
partments of human knowledge; including about 1000 
bibliographical books, and numerous superbly illustrat- 
ed works of great rarity and value, on almost all sub- 
jects — science, history, biography, philology, &c., &c. 
It already contains nearly 100,000 volumes, and further 
additions are constantly being made to this collection, 
by the munificence of its founder, John Jacob Astor, 
who endowed it with the sum of $400,000. 



LITERARY AWD SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. 45 

This stately edifice, built of brick, ornamented with 
brown stone, is of the Romanesque style, and of great 
symmetrical beauty. Its interior, however, is much 
more imposing. The entrance to the Library Hall is 
by a flight of 38 marble steps leading to tiie second 
story. This splendid hall is richly decorated with 14 
piers finished in imitation of Italian marble, and over 
these are galleries ranged on either side, inclosed with 
gilt iron railings. These upper galleries are reached by 
eight spiral stairways. The height of the Library is 
near 50 feet, and in the centre of the ceiling is a large 
skylight, measuring 54 feet by 14, and at each side 
smaller lights ; there are no other windows, these how- 
ever aflford sufficient light for the building. In the east 
end are inclosures railed in, and the Librarian's rooms. 
In the lower, or first floor, are the Lecture room and 
Reading rooms. The floors are of mosaic work. A 
visit to this noble institution, with its rich and rare col- 
lection of sumptuous books, will become a necessity to all 
who have any love for literature and art. 

In the year 1857, William B. Astor, Esq., made a do- 
nation, to the Trustees, of the adjoining lot ; upon 
which another structare, in all respects corresponding 
with the first, has just been erected. Thus the Astor 
Library has now doubled its proportions — forming 
the most imposing architectural edifice of its class in 
the United States. This new building was o;»ened to 
the public in the Autumn of 1859 — immediately after 
the return of Dr. Cogswell from Europe with a further 
collection of literary spoils. 

THE COOPER UNION 

Is a noble building erected by Mr. Peter Cooper, of New 
York, and is devoted to the ''moral, intellectual, and 
physical improvement of his countrymen." The build- 
ing covers an entire block, having a front on Third Av- 
enue of 195 feet, on Fourth Avenue 155, on Eighth 
street 143, and on Seventh street 86. It is in the im- 
mediate vicinity of the new " Bible House," the " Astor 



46 CITY OF NEW TOEK. 

Library," the " Mercantile Library," and the rooms of 
various literary and scientific societies. In the base- 
ment is a large lectnre-room, 125 feet long by 85 wide 
and 21 high; and this, and also the first and second 
stories, which are arranged for stores and offices, are 
rented, so as to produce a revenue to meet the annual 
expenses of the " Institute." The " Institute" proper — 
or the "Union" — commences with the third story, in 
which is an "exhibition-room," 80 feet high and 125 by 
82, lighted from above by a dome. The fourth story 
may be considered as a part of the third, being a con- 
tinuation of galleries with alcoves for painting and 
sculpture. In the fifth story are two large lecture- 
rooms ; and the library, consisting of five rooms, which 
connect with each other and with the lecture-rooms. 
There are also rooms for experiments, for instruments, 
and for the use of artists. The cost of the building is 
about $300,000, and the annual income from the rented 
parts is from $25,000 to $30,000. The whole is under 
the control of a Board of Directors for the benefit of the 
public; the course of lectures, the library, and the 
reading-rooms being all free. In the munificence both 
of the gift and the endowment, the " Cooper Institute" 
stands as a monument to its noble-hearted founder 
more enduring than the pyramids. The School of De- 
sign for women has rooms in this building. 

THE FREE ACADEMY, 

In Twenty-third street, corner of Lexington Avenue, 
was established in 1848, by the Board of Education of 
the city of New York, in pursuance of an act passed 
May 7, 1847, for the purpose of providing higher edu- 
cation for such pupils of the Common Schools as may 
wish to avail themselves thereof. The Free Academy 
is under the general superintendence of the Board of 
Edu(!ation; but it is specially under the supervision of 
an Executive Committee, for its care, government, and 
management, appointed by the Board. All its expenses 



,Md . 




'^ t f 1i' fipf I :fi 'iiiiiiit^lir 



LITERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. 4? 

for instruction, apparatus, library, cabinet collections, 
books, and stationery, are paid out of the public treasury. 

The cost of the ground was $37,810, the edifice, 
$75,000, and the interior furniture, api)aratus, &c., 
$26,867. The building measures 125 feet by 80, and 
will accommodate 1000 pupils. 

The students are admitted in annual classes, and the 
full course of study embraces five years. 

The Board of Education is authorized by law to con- 
fer the usual collegiate degrees on the recommendation 
of the faculty. 

Graduates may become "Resident Graduates," and 
continue their studies at option. The Academical stud- 
ies during Term time, continue daily (except Saturday 
and Sunday) from a quarter before 9 o'clock a. m. to 3 
o'clock p. M. 

MERCANTILE LIBRARY ASSOCIATION 

Occupy the Clinton Hall building in Astor Place, Eighth 
street. This noble establishment comprises a fine li- 
brary, reading-room, and lecture-room, also cabinets of 
minerals, &c. Its literary collections numbering be- 
tween 40 and 50,000 volumes, in the several depart- 
ments of general knowledge, including also a valuable 
series of periodical works, unsurpassed by any other 
institution. The number of its members at the present 
time exceeds 4000. This institution, originally estab- 
lished for the use of clerks, has been since thrown open 
to the public on payment of the subscription, $5 per an- 
num. Clerks pay $1 initiation fee, and $2 subscription. 

THE NEW YORK SOCIETY LIBRARY 

Is situated in University Place, near Twelfth street. 
This time-honored institution, founded in 1754, pos- 
sesses a fine collection of books in general literature, 
numbering about 38,000 volumes. Permanent mem- 
bers of this institution, by the payment of $25, and 
the annual fee of $6, become stockholders. Tem- 
porary members are admitted on the payment of $10 



48 CITY OF NEW TOEK. 

per annum. To all these literary establishments, visit- 
ors are admitted. 



THE CITY LIBRARY 

Is in the City Hall, and is free to all persons. 

THE NEW YORK LAW INSTITUTE 

Have a valuable library of law books at No. 41 Cham- 
bers street. Open daily. 

THE PRINTERS' FREE LIBRARY, 

Located at No. 3 Chambers «treet, has over 4000 vol- 
umes. It is open every Saturday evening. 

THE WOMAN'S LIBRARY 

Is in the New York University Building, fronting on 
Washington Square. 

THE LYCEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY 

Is a society of scientific men, formed for the study of 
natural history. Its rooms are in Fourteenth street, 
near the 4th Avenue. It possesses a good library, and 
a large museum of minerals, plants, and specimens ol 
natural history. It is accessible to the public. 

THE APPRENTICE'S LIBRARY, 

containing about 16,000 volumes for the use of j^outh- 
ful apprentices, is in the Mechanics' Hall, 472 Broad- 
way, near Grand street. 

THE MECHANICS' INSTITUTE, 

No. 20 Fourth Avenue, has a collection of upwards of 
8000 volumes. Tiiere is a school attached for the edu- 
cation of the children of mechanics. 



LITERAET AND SOIEXTIFIO INSTITUTIONS. 48* 

THE NEW YORK HISTOKICAL SOCIETY, 

Established upwards of half a centurj, have a noble 
edifice on the corner of Eleventh street and Second 
Avenue. It is an elegant fire-proof structure, built of 
yellow sandstone from the province of New Brunswick, 
and is splendidly fitted up. Its literary collections con- 
sist of rare and valuable books pertaining to the history 
and antiquities of the country ; also medals, coins, 
maps, engravings, &c. The Library comprises about 
20,000 volumes. There is a fine Picture-gallery in the 
uppermost story ; the Library Hall, Lecture-room, and 
various offices are characterized by great architectural 
beauty. Recently there have been added a fine collec- 
tion of Nineveh Marbles, presented by James Lenox, 
Esq., and Dr. Abbott's Egyptian Collection (obtained 
by liberal subscription)^ one of the most valuable mu- 
seums of Egyptian antiquities in the world. The meet- 
ings of the society are held on the first Tuesday of each 
month; there are also occasional Lectures given, in ad- 
dition to the regular series. Hon. Luther Bradish is 
the President, and the membership of the association 
nr mbers about 1500, including the leading literary men 
of the country. 



AMERICAN ETHNOLOGICAL SOCIETY, 

Founded in 1842. The first President of this society 
was the late Albert Gallatin, formerly Secretary of the 
Treasury, &c., who held the office until his death in 1849. 
The object of the society is "the prosecution of in- 
quiries into the origin, progress, and characteristics of 
the various races of men." This society has collected 
a large amount of materials, and has published three 
volumes of Transactions. The meetings are held at the 
houses of members, on the second Tuesday in each 
month. 



49* CITY OF NEW TOEK. 

THE NEW YORK JUVENILE ASYIUM, 

A fine stone edifice, situated near High Bridge, is a 
home and reformatory for neglected children. The asy- 
lum, by its charter, becomes the legal guardian of all 
such children as may be committed to it by the volun- 
tary act of their parents or by the precept of a police 
magistrate. The institution owes its origin to Dr. J. D. 
Russ of this city, so favorably known for his exertions 
in establishing the New York Institution for the Blind. 
The success of the institution has been largely promoted 
by A. R. Wetmore, Esq., who has been its president 
and financier almost from its organization. It occupies 
about 20 acres of ground, which is in part cultivated by 
the children, who, during their stay in the asylum, are 
instructed in all the branches of a common school edu- 
cation. As soon as their improvement will warrant 
their removal, they are sent to the Great West and in- 
dentured, where, in a few years, instead of being drawn 
into the vortex of crime as they almost inevitably would 
have been if left unprotected in our streets, they will 
many of them become our law-makers and occupy places 
of trust. The institution has a House of Reception for 
200 children, at No. 71 West Thirteenth street. All 
children, when first committed, must remain in this 
house ten days, to afford their parents an opportunity 
of reclaiming them. The two buildings can accomrao-- 
date about 700. Take Hudson River railroad or Man- 
hattanville stages to Fort Washington or High Bridge. 

YOUNG MEN'S CHRISTIAN ASSOCIATION. 

This society have rooms in the Bible House, corner 
of Third Avenue and Ninth street. The Association has 
a reading-room which is entirely distinct from the li- 
brary and department for committee and other meet- 
ings. Devotional services are held on Wednesday and 
Saturday evenings. Young men, strangers, and the 
public are cordially invited. 



MIERARY AND SCIENTIFIC INSTITUTIONS. 49 

THE AMERICAN INSTITUTE, 

At Cooper Union, has also a select library of works, 
principally relating to the inventive and mechanic arts. 
Under the auspices of this association have been held 
the annual fairs for the purpose of exhibiting the pro- 
gress of new inventions in science and art. 



THE AMERICAN GEOGRAPHICAL AND STATISTICAL 
SOCIETY 

Of New York, hold their monthly meetings at the 
Historical Society's rooms, in Second Avenue. 

THE NEW YORK UNIVERSITY 

Is located on the east side of Washington Square, and 
forms a noble architectural ornament, being of the 
English collegiate style of architecture. The Univer- 
sity was established in 1831, and has ever maintained 
its high reputation. It has a chancellor, and a corps 
of professors in the various departments of learning. 
There is also a grammar school connected with the 
institution; also a valuable library, philosophical ap- 
paratus, &c. The edifice is of marble, and measures 
about 200 feet in front by 100 in depth: it presents a 
very beautiful appearance as seen through the thick 
foliage of the park. The great central gothic window 
lights the chapel of the University; divine service is 
held here every Sunday at the usual hours. The prin- 
cipal entrance is by the centre door, up a flight of 
marble steps. In the upper parts of the building are 
several chambers and offices, occupied by various so- 
cieties, literary persons, and artists. 

COLUMBIA COLLEGE, 

Originally chartered by George 11., in 1754, under the 

title of King's College, till within a short period, stood 

5 



50 CITY OF NEW TOEK. 

in Park Place. The present edifice is on Forty-ninth 
street, near the Fifth Avenue. It has a president and 
12 professors ; a choice library of rare classical works 
of about 18,000 volumes, museum, &c. A grammar 
school is attached to tlie institution, over which a pro- 
fessor presides as rector. 



PUBLIC AND WAKD SCHOOLS. 

By the report of the Board of Education, we find 
that there are in New York city, 275 ward schools, 
including 19 for colored children, evening schools, 
normal and primary schools. The average annual cost 
of sustaining these free institutions of popular instruc- 
tion, amounts to over one million; — which sum is 
raised for the most part by taxation, and the balance 
being derived from the State appropriation. The 
whole number taught in the schools during the year, 
was over 150,000, including about 3,000 colored chil- 
dren. This estimate, however, comprehends about 
10,000 belonging to the various benevolent institutions, 
the Orphan Asylum, House of Industry, and several 
others, as well as the Free Academy. 

The rooms of the Board of Education are located 
on the corner of Grand and Elm streets. 

WAED SCHOOL, No. 44, 

On the corner of North Moore and Yarick streets, is a 
fair specimen of school architecture in the city; being 
one of the most beautiful and commodious school edi- 
fices in the city. 



Ilia fiiiii'lil 



iJiiSl^iMii 




52 CITY OF NEW YOEK. 



THEOLOGICAL mSTlTUTIONS. 

THE UNION THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY 

Is situated No. 9 University Place, between Waverley 
Place and Eighth street. The principal edifice com- 
prises four large lecture rooms, a chapel, librvry of 
16,000 volumes, and studies, also other rooms f c r stu- 
dents. It has 6 professors, and usually about 10 stu- 
dents. It was founded in 1836. 

THE GENERAL THEOLOGICAL SEMINABY 

Of the Episcopal Church, is situated in Twemieth 
street, corner of Ninth Avenue, near the Hudson, two 
miles from the City Hall. There are two handsome 
buildings of stone, for the accommodation of professors 
and students. The Board of Trustees consists of all 
the bishops, and one trustee from each diocese in the 
United States. The institution is well endowed and in 
a flourishing condition. 



PICTITKE GALLEKIES, &c. 

THE NATIONAL ACADEMY OF DESIGN, 

625 Broadway, above Houston street, comprises the 
exhibition of the productions of art by living painters. 
It is open to the public from April to July. These gal- 



THE NEW YORK PRESS. 53 

leries are handsomely arranged and furnished, and con- 
tain, usually, the best collection of modern pictures in 
oil and water colors, and, consequently, is a place of 
fashionable resort. Admission 25 cents. 

THE INSTITUTE OF FINE ARTS, 

625 Broadway. This is the finest gallery of paintings 
and statuary in America. The collection embraces the 
celebrated Dusseldorf paintings, Jarves' Old Masters. 

THE ARTISTS' STUDIO BUILDING 

Is a fine brick edifice in Tenth street, near the Sixth 
Avenue and occupied by artists, &c. 



THE NEW YOEK PKESS. 

There are about fifteen daily papers published in 
New York, with an aggregate circulation of 140,0C0 
copies. About two thirds of this number are distrib- 
uted in the city, the balance are sent by mail to vari- 
ous parts of the country. Most of the offices are 
accessible to public inspection during the hours of 2 to 
4 o'clock. 

THE TIMES OFFICE 

Is situated at the end of Park Row, facing Chatham 
street. It is an attractive architectural ornament to 
this active centre of the printing business. In the 
5* 



54 OITT OF NEW YORK. 

vicinity are the IST. Y. Tribune office, the Tract Society, 
the Sunday Times, the Sunday Courier, tlie Mercury, 
and other papers. On the Nassau side of the Times 
building are tlie Observer, Scientific American, the 
Century, the United States Journal, &c. On this ac- 
count this site has been recently styled "Printing 
House Square." 

The New York Times building, erected during the 
panic year, and first occupied on the first day of May, 
1858, is a noble structure, constructed of stone and 
iron, and perfectly fireproof; five stories in height; the 
walls a light olive-colored stone, brought from ISTova 
Scotia. Complete in all its appointments, this building 
deserves especial mention, if for no other reason than 
that it is the only newspaper office in the United States 
which combines within itself the requisites of thorough 
fitness and the elegance of refined taste. Our readers, 
we are assured, will be interested in a description of 
the parts of this establishment. 

The site is that which was for many years occupied 
by the Old Brick Church (the Rev. Dr. Spring's), an 
ancient place of worship, erected at the period when 
green fields adorned the space now densely crowded 
with great warehouses, stores, and banks ; when honest 
old Knickerbockers held the site of the Park to be a 
journey out of town ; and where the bones of early 
residents of the city were solemnly laid in earth that is 
now undermined by lighted vaults and rendered vocal 
by the ceaseless clash of ponderous machinery. 

Thus much for the exterior. We descend into the 
spacious vaults which run down and out towards the 
centre of the square. The peculiar fitness of the loca- 
tion for the purposes of a newspaper establishment is 
here displayed in perfection. No daily paper of circu- 
lation so large as that of the Times (40,000) can dis- 
pense with the use of Hoe's lightning press. That 
magnificent piece of machinery is necessarily bulky, 
and requires ample space. The press-room vaults of 
the Times are of extraordinary dimensions, extending 



THE NEW TORK PEES8. 55 

around the three fronts of the building, and having the 
following measurements: On Spruce street, one hun- 
dred by twenty-six feet; on Park row, one hundred by 
twenty feet; on Nassau street, ninety-live by fifteen 
feet, with a uniform depth of twenty-four feet below 
the curb. These vaults are far the finest ever con- 
structed in New York. 

On the Nassau street or easterly side are the steam 
boilers and engine; on the northerly side, two im- 
mense power-presses, of Hoe's manufacture, one ten- 
cylinder and one six-cylinder, are placed. On the 
Park row side are the folding and mailing rooms and 
the storerooms for paper — the latter opening to the 
pavement above by means of a huge movable vault- 
light, which admits of the passage of the largest reams 
of paper required in printing. The vaults are admira- 
bly lighted, and an excellent ventilation is sustained. 

The various editorial, composing, and other offices of 
the establishment are upon a most extended scale. The 
cost of the edifice and ground, amounted to something 
less than $300,000. 

The Herald OflBce and vaults, as well as those of the 
Tribune^ are also of similar gigantic proportions. The 
8un^ in Fulton street, at the corner of Nassau street, 
has also immense vaults. The Ucening Post is issued 
from the corner of Nassau and Liberty streets. 



56 CITY OF NEW YORK. 



PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. 



THE NEW BOWERY THEATRE, 

Situated on the Bowery, near Hester street, is one of 
the finest edifices of its kind in this country. It is 
capable of accommodating 6,000 people, and is esti- 
mated to have cost $80,000. 

WALLACE'S THEATRE, 

on Broadway, corner of Thirteenth street, is a well- 
conducted theatre. It is usually successful in its enter- 
tainments. 

LAURA KEENE'S THEATRE, 

Ko. 622 Broadway, is another fashionable resort, as is 
also 

NIBLO'S GARDEN, 

The entrance to which is under the Metropolitan Hotel. 



THE WINTER GARDEN, 

Formerly the Metropolitan Theatre, is on Broad- 
way, opposite Bond street. The interior arrangement ie 
admirable, as a good view of the stage can be had from 
any part of the house. 




'■^-■^'-■^ :,i,|'i''l|:W| 










fe 






l^^^^tt'pifllif 



PLACES OF AMUSEMENT. 



THE BOWERY THEATRE, 



Situated in the Bowery, near Canal street, occupies 
the site upon which three theatres have been succes- 
sively burnt and rebuilt. The present edifice is of the 
Doric order of architecture. This place of entertain- 
ment is usually celebrated for spectacle and the broader 
kind of humor. 

BARNUM'S AMERICAN MUSEUM, 

Founded 1810, is at the corner of Broadway and Ann 
street, contains several large halls, 100 feet in length, 
filled with curiosities of every description : besides 
numerous paintings, a mineralogical collection, and 
other objects of interest. 

THE EGYPTIAN MUSEUM 

Is located in the ISTew York Historical Society Building. 
It contains several hundred relics, collected with great 
care and industry by the learned Dr. Abbott, during a 
residence of twenty years on the banks of the Nile. 
Here are to be seen mummied men and quadrupeds, the 
slates of the school-boys in Pharaoh's time, and the re- 
mains of the lamps that were used to lighten the dark- 
ness of Egypt. Many of the objects here are three 
thousand years old. 

THE NEW YORK STADT THEATRE, 

In the Bowery, nearly opposite the Bowery Theatre, 
is a German Opera House, and has a well-selected 
company. 

THE ACADEMY OF MUSIC, 

On the corner of Irving Place and Fourteenth street, is 
the largest theatre in New York, and the most elegant 
in^ its appointments. It occupies an area of 24,000 
square feet. The theatre measures 321 feet by 114, 
and will seat about 4000 persons. The several tiers of 



58 CITY OF NEW YORK. 

boxes are beautifully decorated with gilt ornaments 
and chandeliers: and the dome is richly painted in 
panels, representing Music, Poetry, Comedy, and Tra- 
gedy. The building is well constructed for sound, and 
in its various appointments admirably adapted as a 
place of popular amusement. The cost of the ground 
and building is estimated at $350,000. 

BRYANT'S MINSTRELS, 

No. 472 Broadway, is one of the best of places " to wile 
away an hour." It was in this hall that Ethiopian 
Minstrelsy first found " a local habitation and a name." 
The place is well worthy of a visit. 



CAKMEN. 

The price.; authorized by law for carmen, for ordi- 
nary loads, within the distance of half a mile, is 38 
cents; if over that, and within a mile, one third more 
may be charged ; for any greater distance, in the same 
proportion. If a carman charges beyond the legal 
rates, he cannot collect any thing for his services; but 
he is not obliged to deliver goods conveyed by him 
until his legal charge be paid. Every carman is re- 
quired to have his number distinctly marked on his cart. 



HOTELS. 59 

HOTELS. 

New York is justly distinguished for the number and 
Diagnificence of its hotels. On the line of Broadway 
there are upwards of 25 of these stately and capacious 
buildings. In other parts of the city they no less 
abound, although less costly in their Rppointraents. It 
will be necessary to detail the more important of these 
hotels separately. 

THE ASTOR HOUSE, 

The first colossal edifice of its class, was built over 20 
years ago, of solid granite, and although so many 
others have arisen since, this well-appointed and ex- 
tensive establishment still retains its high position. It 
is capable of accommodating 600 guests. 

Several of the hotels are conducted upon the Euro- 
pean plan — the guests hiring their rooms, Avith or with- 
out board. Of these we might mention 

THE INTERNATIONAL HOTEL, 

The first floor and basements of which are occupied by 
Taylor's world-renowned saloons, and which form one 
of the greatest objects of interest to the stranger, there 
being nothing in the world comparable to them, from 
five to ten thousand persons taking refreshments daily. 
The hotel building was erected some seven years since, 
at a cost of over $500,000. It should be' seen by all 
strangers. 

MOORE'S MADISON SQUARE HOTEL, 

Corner of Twenty-first street and Broadway. Well ar- 
ranged for families and transient company. J. L. 
Moore, proprietor. 

THE METROPOLITAN HOTEL, 

Situated on Broadway, corner of Prince street, is built 
of brown stone, and is six stories in height. The cost 
of this building and ground was upwards of $800,000. 
It is furnished throughout in the most splendid and 



eO CITY OF NEW YORK. 

costly style, having all the accommodations and con- 
veniences that the most luxurious taste could devise. 
The entire establishment is heated by steam, and has 
a ventilating process. The cost of the interior decora- 
tions and furniture has been estimated at about $200,000 ; 
making the whole investment in this superb establish- 
ment, one million of dollars. It is stated that the water 
and gas pipes, which are carried throughout all the 
apartments of this mammoth hotel, measure 12 miles ; 
and there are 13,000 yards of carpeting spread over its 
400 or 500 rooms, which, with the superb drapery, cost 
$40,000; the furniture, $50,000; the mirrors (including 
some of the largest ever imported), $18,000 ; the silver- 
ware, $14,000— not to mention other items. 

THE ST. NICHOLAS, 

Occupying about 300 feet on Broadway, corner of 
Spring St., stands a monument of architectural beauty, 
of the Corinthian order and of marble. The immense 
fagade^ six stories high, is of surpassing elegance. It 
was erected in 1854, at a cost of over a million of dol- 
lars. Within the portico of the main entrance, support- 
ed by four Corinthian pillars with rich capitals, the 
spectator looks down a columned vista two hundred 
feet in length and averaging sixty feet in width. The 
upper part of the house, reached by a massive staircase 
of polished oak, is divided into three sections commu- 
nicating by corridors, and contains six hundred rooms. 
On the second and third floors are one hundred suites 
of apartments. The three largest dining-rooms com- 
fortably accommodate six hundred guests. TJie pub- 
lic rooms and chambers are decorated and furnished 
in the most sumptuous style, while the immense corri- 
dors are carpeted entire with the richest tapestry fab- 
rics, rendering the step inaudible, and lighted by mag- 
nifiicent chandeliers and candelabras placed at short in- 
tervals throughout their whole extent. The fourth, 
fifth, and sixth floors are devoted to private parlors, 
chambers, and single rooms. The original disburse- 



HOTELS. 61 

raent for mirrors amounted to $40,000, and the service 
of silver ware and Sheffield plate cost $50,000. What- 
ever ornament wealth could purchase or skill produce 
has been lavished upon this palatial structure, in which 
one thousand guests may enjoy all of the comforts and 
luxuries of life. 

From the telegraph office in the bar-room, messages 
may be transmitted to almost any part of tlie Union. 
More than three hundred waiters are in attendance. 
The hotel is lighted by gas. The daily expenses of the 
St. Nicholas are $1,500, As a security against jfire the 
entire establishment can be deluged with water in five 
minutes. 

THE PBESCOTT HOUSE 

Occupies the opposite corner of Spring street, being 
Nos. 529 and 531 Broadway. The hotel was so named 
in honor of the celebrated American historian. It is 
built of brick with quaintly wrought stone work about 
the windows. The spacious triple-columned and highly 
ornamented entrance hall is one of the finest in the 
country. 

Except in magnitude, this hotel building is of sur- 
passing beauty. The ceilings are elaborately panelled, 
carved, and profusely adorned with gilding. The floors 
of the principal rooms and halls are covered with tiles 
of various rich colors, arranged in a carpet-like pattern, 
which contrast beautifully with the white and gold of 
the walls and ceiling. A considerable part of the fur- 
niture of the Prescott House was made to order in Paris 
and London. 

THE CLABENDON 

Is another elegant estabUshment on the corner of Fourth 
Avenue and Eighteenth street, in the vicinity of Union 
and Gramercy Park. This hotel is divided into suites 
of apartments, with all the modern improvements and 
adornments of taste. It is of the Elizabethan order of 
architecture, and cost $80,000. 
6 



62 CITY OF NEW TOEK. 

ST. DENIS HOTEL. 

Opposite Grace Church, and only three blocks below 
Union Square and the Academy of Music, is the St. 
Denis Hotel. It is architecturally one of the hand- 
somest buildings on Broadway, occupying seventy-six 
feet on that thoroughfare, and one hundred and twenty 
on Eleventh street. Besides parlors, reception-rooms, 
and reading-rooms, the St. Denis contains over one 
hundred and fifty well lighted and ventilated apartments. 
The hotel is kept on the European plan, and like the 
Prescott is the frequent resort of wealthy and distin- 
guished foreigners. The " up town " location of the 
St. Denis is on the most fashionable part of Broadway. 

THE EVERETT HOUSE, 

Located on the north side of Union Square and Seven- 
teenth street, from its position is, like the Clarendon, a 
convenient and delightful place for visitors, being not 
only in the fashionable part oi 
tiguous to the cars, stages, &c. 

THE LA FAROE HOUSE, 

In Broadway, facing Bond street, is a magnificent struc- 
ture, with a frontage of 200 feet, seven stories high, and 
built of marble, it was completed in 1856; its estimated 
cost being $250,000. Its interior arrangements are par- 
allel with those of the other magnificent establishments 
on Broadway, and like them, is usually much resorted 
to by visitors. Like the Prescott House, it is capable 
of accommodating 400 guests. 

THE NEW YOBK HOTEL, 

Broadway, extending from Washington to Waverley 
Place, is another large and fashionable house, and ad« 
mirable in all its departments. 

THE BREVOORT HOUSE, 

On the Eifth Avenue, corner of Eighth street, is a no 




'^^^ v.vS^i V^vC^v-.v^v-S""^ 



Hotel Diez, late Prescott House, 
idway, cor. Spring St. Frederick Diez, Proprietor. 



HOTELS. 63 

ble and spacious Hotel, fitted up in elegant style, and 
being on the great avenue of fashion, commands a fine 
view of the heau monde. 

THE NEW FIFIH AVENUE HOTEL, 

Under the control of Col. Stevens, is an object of 
special note. In addition to its beautiful site — being 
opposite to the shrubbery of Madison Square — it 
stretches its fagades of white marble down Twenty- 
third and Twenty-fourth streets, both equally known 
as among the most aristocratic of our thoroughfares. 
In its internal arrangements, it is unsurpassed — fur- 
nishing entire accommodation for eight hundred 
guests, and containing more than one hundred suites 
of apartments, each combining the conveniences and 
luxury of parlor, chamber, dressing, and bathing 
rooms. All the rooms, besides being well lighted and 
ventilated, will have means of access by a perpendicu- 
lar railway — intersecting each story — in addition to the 
broad and capacious corridors and stairways, indepen- 
dent of the ordinary and usual approaches from floor 
to floor. 

As to location, tl is hotel is much nearer the termini 
of the Eastern and Northern Railroads than others fur- 
ther down town, and from the evidence of the march 
of improvement, it must continue to be the centre of 
civilization for many years to come. It will be the 
most eligible for Southerners, not only as a transient 
etopping-place en route^ but as a delightful home during 
those periods devoted to summer recreation. 

THE ALBEMARLE, 

Another very elegant hotel, is situated at the corner of 
Broadway and 24th street. 



64 CITY OF NEW YORK. 



THE CHURCHES OF NEW YORK. 

It is estimated that there are about 300 churches in 
New York; many of them being of great elegance. 
We annex brief notices of the more prominent and 
noteworthy. 

TRINITY CHTJBCH. 

Fronting Wall street, with its portals invitingly open 
every day in the year, stands Trinity Church, a beauti- 
ful temple of worship, in strange contiguity with the 
busy marts where '' merchants most do congregate." 
It is the third edifice of the kind erected upon the spot, 
the first having been destroyed in the great fire ot 
1776. This fine gothic structure was completed in 
1846, having been seven years in building, under the 
careful superintendence of Mr. Upjohn, the architect. 
The church is 192 feet in length, 80 in breadth, and 60 
in height. The interior will richly repay examination. 
Among many relics there carefully preserved, is an 
elaborate chancel service of silver, presented to the 
corporation by Queen Anne. 

The steeple towers up 284 feet in height; the walls 
of the church are nearly 50 feet high, and the whole 
edifice, both as to its exterior and interior, is regard- 
ed by most persons as the most elegant and cathedral- 
like of the churches of the city. Do not forget to as- 
cend the steeple to get a panoramic view of the city. 

The grave-yard of Old Trinity occupies nearly an 
entire block. Within it are the venerated tombs of 
Alexander Hamilton, the statesman and friend of 
Washington ; the heroic commander Lawrence, and 
many other illustrious public men. 




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m ga p mil. fK, ^ i^_ 
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CHURCHES. 65 

Adjoining Trinity buildings, and a few feet from 
Broadway, stands the monumental tribute of the Cor- 
poration of Trinity Church to the honored " Sugar 
House Martyrs." Of finely cut and ornamented brown 
stone, it presents a graceful appearance, while it at- 
tracts the especial interest of every American patriot 
from the fact, that the ground immediately under and 
around it, is rich with the ashes of our Revolutionary 
fathers. 

ST. PAUL'S CHAPEL, 

The third Episcopal church established in the city, was 
erected in 1766. It stands between Fulton and Vesey 
streets, opposite Barnum's Museum. The length of 
the edifice is 151 feet, and the width 73 feet. The 
steeple is 203 feet high. 

On the front, in a niche of red sandstone, in the 
centre of a large pediment supported by four Ionic 
columns, is a white marble statue of St. Paul, leaning 
on a sword. Also in the front part of the niche there is 
inserted a slab of white marble, bearing an inscription 
to the memory of General Montgomery, who fell at 
Quebec during the Revolution, and whose remains were 
removed to ISTew York by order of the State in 1818. 
At the lower side of the church, facing Broadway, 
is an obelisk of white marble, erected in honor of 
Thomas Addis Emmet, the Irish patriot and barrister, 
who died here in 1827. The inscriptions are in Latin, 
Irish, and English. 

ST. JOHN'S CHAPEL 

(Episcopal). This is one of the associate churches of 
the Trinity Corporation. It is located facing St. 
John's Park, on a line with Yarick street. It is not 
modern in style, but yet a very noble looking edifice. 
It is built of sandstone, and is verj'- spacious, measur- 
ing 132 feet by 80. It has a deep portico in front, 
formed by a pediment and four massive columns. 
6* 



66 CITY OF NEW TOEK. 

In all the ancient churches of Net7 York city, the 
plan of a collegiate charge was the rule. The ancient 
Episcopal church of the city was established on this 
basis. Trinity church was considered the parish 
church, and had a collegiate charge ; St. George's, St. 
John's, and St. Paul's were called *' Chapels." St. 
George's is now a distinct charge, but the other two 
are still collegiate. 

ST. MARK'S CHURCH 

(Episcopal), situate in Stuyvesant street, to the east of 
the Bowery, was built in its present form in 1826. 

The steeple is lofty, but somewhat venerable in 
appearance, Avhich is indeed the character of the en- 
tire structure. The church is venerable also on account 
of its historic associations ; it stands on what was the 
estate of Petrus Stuyvesant, the last of the Dutch 
governors, and his remains rest in a vault under the 
church, over which, on the east side, is a tablet indi- 
cating the fact. Here also repose the mortal remains 
of the English governor, Col. Sloughter, and those of 
the American governor, Tompkins. The Rev. Dr. 
Vinton is the present minister. 

ST. GEORGE'S CHTJRCH 

(Episcopal). This spacious and elegant structure, the 
most capacious ecclesiastical edifice in the city, is 
situated in East Sixteenth street, opposite Stuyvesant 
Square. It was erected in 1849, and for architectural 
beauty is entitled to the first rank among the religious 
edifices of New York. Its imposing exterior, and vast 
interior, unsupported by any visible columns, either to 
roof or gallery, impart to it a fine effect. Its architecture 
is of the Byzantine order; its length 170 feet by 94 
in width. Its entire cost $250,000. The adjoining rec- 
tory cost $20,000, and the chapel $10,000. The ground 



onuECHES. 67 

upon which the church stands was given by the late 
Peter G. Stuyvesant. The Rev. Dr Tyng is rector. 

ST. THOMAS' CHURCH 

(Episcopal), corner of Houston street and Broadway, 
one of the early and best specimens of the Gothic, 
was erected in 1826. Its measurement is 113 by 62 
feet; and is built of rough stones. A fire occurred in 
1851, which burnt the interior, and to this circumstance 
is owing its present commodious and elegant internal 
appointments. Rev. Dr. Morgan is the incumbent. 

TRINITY CHAPEL 

(Episcopal), situated on Twenty-fifth street, near Broad- 
way, and extending from Twenty-fifth to Twenty-sixth 
street, is a spacious and elegant edifice, erected by the 
Trinity Church Corporation, and cost $260,000. The 
length of the building is 180 feet; width, 54 feet. The 
inside walls are of Caen stone; the windows are ot 
richly stained glass, and the ceiling painted blue, with 
gilt ornaments. The floors are tiled ; and the seats are 
movable benches, as in the cathedrals of the Continent. 

GRACE CHURCH 

(Episcopal). This superb edifice, the most ornate of 
the ecclesiastical buildings of New York, is located in 
Broadway, near Tenth street, and commands a fine 
view of the great avenue of the city, north and south. 
The lofty spiral and richly decorated steeple is an object 
of universal admiration. There is one large and two 
less sized doors in front. Over the main entrance is a 
circular window of stained glass, and two tall, oblong 
windows in each side of the upper section of the tower. 
"Within is a grand array of pillars, carved work, and 
upwards of forty windows of stained glass, each giving 
diiferent hues of vision. There is a little too much of 
theatrical glitter in the interior, to comport with the 
chastened solemnities of religious worship. It was 



68 CITY OF NEW TOKK. 

built in 1845. Mr. Renwick was the architect. The 
cost of the building was $145,000. The Rev. Dr. Tay- 
lor is the present rector. 

THE FIRST BAPTIST CHUSCH, 

Corner of Broome and Elizabeth streets, was erected 
in 1811. It measures 99 by 75 feet, and 70 in height, 
is of the Gothic order, built of rough stone, with the 
lintels, cornices, and battlements of brown sandstone. 
It was constructed during the pastorate of the late Dr. 
Spencer H. Cone. 

THE DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH, 

Situate on Fourth street and Lafayette Place, was built 
in 1839. It measures 110 feet long by 75 wide; it cost 
$160,000. Its exterior is very good, but its interior is 
characterized by simple elegance. The pulpit is of 
white marble. The Collegiate Dutch Church is one of 
the oldest establishments of the kind in the city. As- 
sociated with this Church Association are the ''JS'orth 
Church," in Fulton street; the new and elegant Church 
in Fifth Avenue, corner of Twenty-ninth street; the 
Ninth Street Church, and that we have just described, 
on Lafayette Place. The venerable Dr. De Witt and 
others are the officiating clergymen. 

THE DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH, 

Situate on the east side of Washington Square, was 
erected in 1840, of rough granite. It is in the Gothic 
style, with a large centre window, and two towers. 
Its interior is ver}^ finished and effective, especially the 
ornamental carved work of the organ, pulpit, &,c. The 
entire cost of the edifice was $125,000. The Rev. Dr. 
Button has long been the minister. 

ST. PATRICK'S CATHEDRAL 

(Roman Catholic), on the corner of Prince and Mott 
streets, was erected in 1815. This building, although 



0HTJR0HE8. 69 

not of much architectural beauty, is very spacious, it 
being nearly 160 feet in length by 80 in width. The 
rear of the church is ornamented with Gothic windows. 
The interior presents an imposing effect, the ceiling be- 
ing very lofty, from which spring large pillars, on 
which are lamps pendant. It will accommodate 2000 
•persons. 

CHURCH OF THE HOLY EEDEEMER, 

A new German Catholic Church, on Third street, near 
Avenue A, is a very costly and elegant structure. The 
spire is 265 feet high, and the edifice is of the Byzan- 
tine order. It is a most ornamental church, as to its 
interior, having richly stained windows, broad aisles, 
marble columns, lofty roof, richly decorated, and a mag- 
nificent altar, with confessionals, &c. It is estimated 
at over $100,000. 

FUIST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 

On the Fifth Avenue, between Eleventh and Twelfth 
streets, is a fine stone building, measuring 119 feet by 
80; the height of the tower being 160 feet. It cost 
$75,000. 

THE CONGREGATIONAL CHURCH, 

Corner of Thirty-fourth street and Sixth Avenue, is a 
new and beautiful edifice, very spacious and imposing 
in its aspect. Its style is Gothic, and the interior deco- 
rations are in excellent keeping. The organ-screen 
and pulpit present exquisite specimens of carved work. 
The Rev. Dr. Thompson is the minister. 

THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 

On Madison Avenue, facing the Square, is another brown 
stone church, exceedingly neat in style. Rev. Dr. 
Adams is the minister. 



70 CITY OF NEW YORK. 

THE BRICK CHURCH 

(Presbyterian), situate on the corner of Thirty-seventh 
street and Fifth Avenue, is a spacious brick edifice, with 
lofty spire. Rev. Dr. Spring is the minister. 

ST. PAUL'S M. E. CHURCH, 

On Fourth Avenue, corner of Twenty-second street, is 
a new magnificent edifice, built of marble, in the Ro> 
manesque style. Its entire length is 146 feet, by 77 , 
the height of the spire is 210 feet. The cost of the 
church, parsonage, &c., is estimated at $130,000. 

CHURCH OF THE MESSIAH, 

(Unitarian), on Broadway, nearly opposite Waverley 
Place, built in 1838, of granite, is a massive structure, 
measuring 100 feet by 74, and cost $97,000. The in- 
terior is richly decorated. Dr. Osgood is the minister 

THE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 

On the junction of Tenth street and University Place, 
is a neat stone edifice, measuring 116 feet by 65, exclu- 
sive of a lecture-room in the rear, 72 feet by 25. There 
is a fine Gothic window over the principal entrance. 
The tower is 184 feet in height. The cost of this 
church was $56,000. Eev. Dr. Potts is the minister. 

THE FOURTH UNIVERSALIST CHURCH, 

Situated on Broadway, between Spring and Princ© 
streets, extends back to Crosby street, the main build- 
ing being on the rear of the lot. It is brick, 110 feet 
long, by 77 wide, and about 70 feet in height. The in- 
terior is in the Gothic style, and very elegant. The 
pulpit and organ are richly carved. The entrance from 
Broadway is of brown stone. Rev. Dr. Chapin is the 
minister. 



^\";,v^v^<s,Ni,-i-i 



Dr. Alexander's Ciiuucii. (p. 71.) 



CHURCHES. 71 

CHTJRCH OF THE HOLY COMMTTNION 

(Episcopal), on the corner of Twentieth street and Sixth 
Avenue, is a singular-looking building of brown stone, 
in the form of a cross. Its extreme length is 104 feet, 
by 66 in width. The turret on the south corner is 70 
feet in height. The interior is novel and imposing, 
although divested of ornament. It is, strictly speak- 
ing, the only free Episcopal Church of its class, in the 
upper part of the city. Strangers can enter the church 
with perfect freedom, and seat themselves in any part 
of it. There is a great want of other accommodations 
of this class. Will not some one of our wealthy citi- 
zens (while living we should prefer) endow another 
truly Free Episcopal Church like this? It would be 
an enduring monument of Christian liberality to such 
a spirit. Rev. Dr. Muhlenberg is the rector. 

FIFTH AVENUE PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 

On the corner of Nineteenth street and Fifth Avenue, 
erected in 1853, is another of the elegant religious edi- 
fices which adorn the city. Its cost is estimated at 
nearly $90,000. Rev. Dr. Rice is the minister. 

THE FRENCH CHTJRCH 

The congregation of the French Church, styled Eglise 
du St. Esprit^ has removed from Franklin street, cor- 
ner of Church, to 22d street, between Fifth and Sixth 
Avenues. The new church is Gothic, and very elegant. 
It will seat about one thousand persons. The rector is 
the Rev. Dr. Verren. 

JEWS' SYNAGOGUES. 

There are upwards of a dozen Synagogues in this 
city. The most notable are the following: 

Shairai TepMla (Gates of Prayer), No. 112 Wooster 
street, near Prince street, and 



72 CITY OF NEW TOEK. 

Bnai Jeshurun (Sons of Jeshurun), in Greene street, 
near Houston street. 

CALVARY CHURCH 

(Episcopal), on the corner of Fourth Avenue and 21st 
street, was erected in 1847, at the cost of $80,000. It 
presents a picturesque appearance, being built off brown 
stone. The interior is very spacious and cathedral-like. 
Adjoining the church is the rectory, also in the Gothic 
style. The Rev. Dr. Coxe, is the rector. 

THE NEW ST. PATRICK'S CATHEDRAL, 

On the Fifth Avenue and 50th street, now in process 
of erection, will, when finished, become the crowning 
architectural ornament of the city. 

THE CHURCH OF THE PURITANS 

(Congregational), on Union Square, corner of 15th 
street, is of white marble, of the later Norman or 
Lombard style. The Rev. Dr. Cheever is the minister. 

CHURCH OF ALL SOULS 

(Unitarian), corner of Fourth Avenue and 20th street, 
is an eccentric and remarkable edifice, being built in 
the style of the Itahan churches of the middle ages, of 
brick and delicate cream-colored stone in alternate 
courses. Adjoining the church, on 20th street, is the 
parsonage. Included in the design is to be a spire, or 
campanile, 300 feet high. The Rev. Dr. Bellows is the 
minister. 

THE TABERNACLE CHURCH 

(Baptist), in Second Avenue, near 10th street, adjoin- 
ing the Historical Society's building, is another Gothic 
edifice of much beauty and architectural attraction. 




Church of the Messiah, (p. 70.) 



ELEGANT PKIVATE RESIDENCES. 73 



ELEGAKT PKIVATE KESIDENCES. 

In order to form any adequate idea of the progress 
and opulence of New York, the visitor should not omit 
to visit the Fifth Avenue, the great centre of wealth 
and fashion. In other sections of the city are to be 
seen numerous costly private mansions, such as Lafa- 
yette Place, St. Mark's Place, Washington Square, Gra- 
mercy Park, Madison Park, Union Square, and the sev- 
eral streets that intersect the upper portions of the 
metropohs. Passing into the Fifth Avenue from Wash- 
ington Square, we meet at the junction of Ninth street 
a stately editice, once the residence of the late Henry 
Brevoort. Diagonally opposite to this, on the corner 
of 8th street, is the Brevoort House, a first-class family 
hotel on a large scale. On the corner of Tenth street 
is a house in the style of a French chateau, the prop 
erty of Mr. Schiff. 

On the corner of 12th street and Fifth Avenue stands 
the noble mansion of James Lenox. On the southeast 
corner of 15th street is the superb establishment occu- 
pied by Mr. Haight: directly opposite, that of Mr. 
Benkard. Turning to the corner of 16th street, to 
the left, may be seen the elegant mansion of Col. 
Thorne; it will be distinguished by its ample court- 
yard. 

On the right-hand corner of 16th street is the stately 
mansion of Mr. Lorillard Spencer, which is said to have 
cost $100,000. At the northeast corner of 18th street 
may be seen Mr. Belmont's elegant house ; and on the 
northwest corner of 20th street is the residence of 
E. L. Stuart, Esq. At the northwest corner of 84th 
street and Fifth Avenue is to be seen perhaps the most 
sumptuous private mansion in the city— that formerly 
owned by Dr. Townsend, since purchased by A. T. 
Stewart. The private residence of W. B. Astor, Esq., 
7 



74 CITY OF NEW YOEK. 

on Fifth Avenue and 33d street, is another magnificent 
edifice. There are numerous other superb building? 
that we have not indicated, along the line of this avenue 
and elsewhere, which deserve a separate notice, but this 
our limits forbid. 

THE ATHENEUM CLUB, 

Recently established, is situated on the southwest cor- 
ner of Fifth Avenue and 16th street. It is an associa- 
tion of men of letters, artists, and members of the lib- 
eral professions, numbering some 400 to 500, who meet 
for the purposes of social intercourse, &c. The estab- 
lishment is elegantly furnished. 

THE UNION CLUB, 

On corner of Fifth Avenue and 22d street, is one of the 
most splendid structures in the city. It measures 
about 50 feet by 100, is built in superb style of brown 
stone, and cost about $300,000. 

THE NEW YORK CHESS CLUB 

Have their rooms in the N. Y. University. It numbers 
about 80 members. Initiation fee, $5. Subscription, 
$10 per annum. 

THE CENTURY CLUB 
Have their rooms at 42 East 15th street. 

THE SKETCH CLUB, 

Of New York, hold their meetings in the University 
buildings. 



NOTABLE STOKES, ETC. 

The stores of N"ew York being celebrated alike for 
the beauty of their architecture and variety of their 
stock, claim our special notice. Starting from down 
town at No. 45 Maiden Lane, we find the well-known 
house of Messrs. Francis & Loutrel, the " Diary" makers 
and general stationers. At No. 75 John street, Messrs. 
W. & 0. K. Herrick have a handsome white marble 
building. This firm is largely engaged in the importa- 
tion of foreign stationery. Fl'om John street we pass 
to J. H. Colton's Geographical Emporium, No. 172 
William street. At this establishment will be found a 
complete assortment of maps in their various forms, 
mounted and portable, such as cannot be found else- 
where in this country. Strangers and citizens can here 
be supplied with all they may need in this line, and find 
the proprietor ready to communicate much desired in- 
formation. 

Returning up Fulton street, on the right hand side, at 
the corner of Broadway, is the store of " Knox, the 
Hatter." Continuing up the street, we arrive at Cham- 
bers street, on the corner of which, directly under the 
Shoe and Leather Bank, is the up town store of Messrs. 
Bogert, Bourne, and Auten, the stationers. On the op- 
posite corner stands Stewart's Marble Palace, covering 
a space of 152 feet on Broadway and 100 on Chambers 
street. Just above, at No. 308, Messrs. Fowler & Wells, 
the phrenologists, have their rooms. 

On the site of the old Broadway Theatre, Judge 
Whiting has erected, at a cost of $200,000, a marble 
building with 75 feet front on Broadway by 175 feet 
deep. 

On the corner of Worth and Church streets, and oc- 
cupying the whole block, is the massive stone building 
of Messrs. Claflin, Mellen & Co. 



76 CITY OF NEW YORK. 

Continuing up Broadway to the corner of Franklin 
street, we come to the International Hotel. The lofty 
saloon on the first floor, known as " Taylor's,'' con- 
tains an area of seven thousand five hundred feet. The 
view from the two grand entrances is magnificent. Di- 
rectly opposite is the store of Messrs. Onion & Wheelock, 
the gunsmiths. Mr. Thurber, the inventor of the kali- 
graph, or writing machine, has his office here, and his 
wonderful machine will well repay the time spent in 
examining it. 

On the corner of White street and Broadway stands 
one of the finest specimens of architecture of which our 
city can boast. The building is of white marble, and is 
owned by Mr. Astor. At No. 56 Walker street, Messrs. 
Routledge, Warnes, & ^utledge, the great London 
publishers, have their agency. We might mention as 
we pass Canal street, the store of Mr. J. W. Kellogg, 
at No. 381. This gentleman is especially known as the 
manufacturer of children's hats, caps, etc. 

The book-publisliing establishment of D. Appleton 
& Co., 443 & 445 Broadway, attracts attention. They 
manufacture Cartes de Visite Albums, as well as take 
portraits from life, Carte de Visite size, which are very 
much in vogue. 

The attention is next arrested by the elegance of a 
building at the corner of Broadway and Grand street. 
It has a front of 100 feet on Broadway and 125 feet on 
Grand street. The whole structure is of highly orna- 
mented white marble, and is occupied by Messrs. Lord 
& Taylor as a dry-goods' store. On the lower corner, 
Messrs. Devlin & Co., the clothiers, have their store, 
whilst on the opposite corner Messrs. Brooks Brothers, 
also clothiers, occupy a fine brown-stone building. 

At No. 478 Broadway, is the depot of "Crandall's 
Patent Spring Rocking Horse," a visit to which will be 
relished by the little ones. On the corner of Broome 
street and Broadway, Messrs. Boardman, Gray, & Co. 
have their sales rooms. Messrs. E. V. Haughwout & 
Co.'s handsome iron building is on the north-east cor- 
ner, and opposite them is another iron building in the 
Gothic style, occupied by the Grover & Baker Sewing 



NOTABLE STORES, ETC. 75* 

Machine Co. Mr. Anthony has the building next to this 
for his Photographic Emporium. 

At No. 441 Broadway (up stairs) Mr. Putnam has 
opened an agency for fitting up and furnishing libraries, 
and at 552 Broadway is " Tiffany's." This was the first 
large establishment to remove "up town," but is now 
in the central portion of the metropolis. Their silver- 
ware and jewelry are mainly manufactured on the prem- 
ises, and their retail trade alone amounts to over 
$1,000,000 per annum. Opposite the St. ISTicIiolas is 
James Miller's bookstore. Here may be found, in ad- 
dition to a large and well-assorted stock of both English 
and American books, every thing in the stationery line 
tliat can be desired. 

Opposite Tiffany's is the saloon known as "Upper 
Taylor's." 

Ball, Black, & Co.'s new building is on one corner of 
Broadway and Prince street, whilst Many & Lewis, the 
jewellers, are on the other; in fact, just at this partic- 
ular part of the city, all the prominent jewellers are lo- 
cated, Mr, E. AV. Burr being at No. 573, and Bennett & 
Brother at No. 586 (under the Metropolitan Hotel). 

Gurney's Gallery, 707 Broadway, is one of the attrac- 
tive features on Broadway to strangers. If the lounger 
takes pleasure in examining photographs, he will find a 
treat of this nature in Gurney's window, where every 
variety of this class of work may be seen, from those 
taken in oil to those produced by the simplest process 
of the art. On entering the gallery he will find the 
portraits of many celebrated characters — princes, states- 
men, soldiers, poets, and a galaxy of fair and beautiful 
women. The Messrs. Gurney stand at the head of their 
profession. With an experience of upwards of twenty 
years, they can safely challenge the rivalship of any 
other establishment. 

The house of Holmes & Co., established in 1825, is just 
above at No. 711. On the block above, Mr. C. F. New- 
ton has an agency for the sale of his justly celebrated 
gold pens. 

We have now reached Astor Place, at the junction of 
which and Third Avenue is the Bible House. The New 
York Young Men's Christian Association have their 



76* CITY OF NEW TOEZ. 

rooms at ^o. 81 in this building. Young men, stran- 
gers, and citizens, are always welcome to the rooms and 
meetings of this society, and societies out of the city 
are invited to correspond with it. Hundreds of young 
men, both in New York and elsewhere, bear cheerful 
testimony to the advantages they have derived from 
its practical beneficence. Passing to and continuing 
up Fourth Avenue, we arrive at Union Square, at the 
junction of which with the avenue stands Brown's 
Statue, of Washington. It is a bronze equestrian figure, 
placed upon a plain granite pedestal. The statue is 
fourteen and a half feet, and the whole, including the 
pedestal, is twenty-nine feet high. It occupied the 
artist four years in its construction, and cost over 
$30,000. The statue is universally admired. The artist 
has in a masterly manner overcome the almost insur- 
mountable difficulty of all equestrian statues, inasmuch 
as he has succeeded in making the interest of the horse 
subordinate to that of the rider. The majestic presence 
of Washington is the object first to catch and fix the be- 
holder's gaze. The true proportions and fine attitude of 
the animal but enter into and complete the inspiring 
effect of the perfect statue. In the figure of Washing- 
ton we have the lofty-minded, imperious master of an 
else wilful steed, now curbed and subdued by a firm and 
practised hand ; in the horse is seen only the proud 
bearer of a most noble burden. Before concluding, 
we would mention the bookstore of Messrs. Thomson 
Brothers, at No. 1107 Broadway. Citizens in their 
neighborhood, and sojourners at the Fifth Avenue and 
other hotels in their immediate vicinity, will always 
find the Messrs. Thomson's store well filled with books 
in every department of literature. 

Nearly opposite their store is a beautiful granite 
shaft erected to the memory of General Worth. Its 
erection was celebrated by a public ceremonial. 



BANKS. 77 



KATES OF POSTAGE. 

No letters will be sent frem the Post Office to places 
within the United States, unless the postage is prepaid 
by stamps. Unpaid letters will be sent to the Dead 
Letter Office at Washington. 

Stamps, in any quantity, can be procured at any of 
the " Stations" throughout the city. 

The Inland Postage on letters for 3000 miles or un- 
der, is 3 cents; double letters twice this rate, etc. 

Letters for California and Oregon, 10 cents. 

Every letter not exceeding half an ounce in weight 
shall be deemed a single letter, and every additional 
weight of half an ounce, or less, shall be charged with 
an additional single postage. 

City letters are subject to one cent postage. 

Newspapers, magazines, and books must be prepaid. 



BAI^KS. 

The more prominent banks of Xew York include, 
the Bank of New York, corner of Wall and Wil- 
liam streets, the Bank of America, the Mechanics' 
Bank, the Merchants' Bank, the Manhattan, the Bank 
of Commerce, Nassau Bank, &c. The Banks of New 
York are daily becoming more important in an archi- 
tectural point of view. 

The American Exchange Banlc^ 128 Broadway, corner 
of Liberty street, is a splendid building of Caen stone. 

The Bank of Commerce^ in Nassau street, facing the 
Post-Office, is one of the finest marble edifices in the 
city. Its capital is ten millions of dollars. 
7* 



78 CITY OF NEW TOEK. 

Duncan^ Sherman & Co.'s Banking House is built of 
brown stone, and stands on the corner of Nassau and 
Pine streets ; it cost $150,000. Adjoining this is another 
splendid establishment, — The Continental Bank. 

The Bank of the Republic is situated at the corner 
of Broadway and Wall street ; it is a noble edilice, built 
of brown stone ; its entire cost is estimated at about 
$175,000. Its capital is $2,000,000. 

The Metropolitan is also built of brown stone, and is 
located at the corner of Pine street and Broadway ; 
its cost is stated at $160,000. 

The Bank of the Commonwealth^ 15 Nassau street, is a 
beautiful brown stone structure of elegant proportions. 

The Bank of America is one of the old established 
banks, situated 46 Wall street. Its capital is $3,000,000. 

On the corner of Wall and William streets, is another 
fine edifice, the Bank of New York\ recently rebuilt 
with brick and brown stone facings; its capital is 
$2,000,000. 

The Bank of North America^ 4A Wall street, has a 
capital of $1,000,000. 

Broadway Banky corner of Broadway and Park 
Place, is a massive brown-stone building; its cost is 
stated at $127,000. 

The Bark Bank^ on Beekman street, near Park Row, 
is a recent establishment, with a capital of $2,000,000. 

The Bhenix Bank^ 45 Wall street. 

The Shoe and Leather Bank^ corner of Broadway and 
Chambers street, has a capital of $1,000,000. 

The Union Bank^ 34 Wall street, has a capital of 
$1,500,000. 

The Importers and Traders Ban\ 245 Broadway, has 
a capital of $1,500,000. 

The Pacific Bank has recently erected a fine marble 
edifice in Broadway, adjoining Brooks' building, corner 
of Grand street. 

The Manhattan Company ^ 40 Wall street, has a capi- 
tal of $2,050,000. 

The Clearing House is at 72 Broadway. 








Bowery Savings Bank. (p. 79,) 



SAYINGS BANKS. 79 

For a general list of the City Banks, the reader is re- 
ferred to the New York Directory. 



SAYINGS BAJSTKS. 

Among the excellent institutions of New York, may 
be mentioned the Savings Banks. The principal estab- 
lishments are the following: 

Banh for Savings^ 67 Bleecker street, is a beautiful 
marble edifice, the most elegant and spacious of its 
class in the city. 

Bowery Savings Bank, 180 Bowery, is a splendid 
brown stone building — one of the architectural orna- 
ments of this portion of the city. We refer the reader 
to the annexed ilhistration of this edifice. 

Broadway Savings Bank is on the corner of Park 
Place. 

East River Savings Bank is situated 3 Chambers 
street. 

The Irving, 96 Warren street. 

The Greenwich, 73 Sixth Avenue. 

The Emigrant Industrial, 51 Chambers street. 

The Mechanics and Traders, 482 Grand street. 

The Knickerbocker, 48 Wall street. 

The Manhattan, 644 Broadway. 

The Dry Dock, 619 Fourth street. 

The Bloomingdale, 314 Third Avenue. 

The Merchants- Clerks'' Savings Bank^ 516 Broadway. 



80 OITY OF NEW TOEK. 



PUBLIC WOKKS. 

THE CROTON AQUEDUCT, 

By "which the city is supplied with pure water, is one 
of the most gigantic enterprises of the kind undertaken 
in any country. The distance which tlie water travels 
through this artificial channel, exclusive of the grand 
reservoir, is about forty miles. The Dam crosses the 
Croton River six miles from its mouth, and the whole 
distance from this dam, thirty-two miles, .is one un- 
broken under-ground canal, formed of stone and brick. 
The great receiving reservoir is on York Hill, live miles 
from the City Hall ; it can receive a depth of water to 
the extent of twenty feet, and is capable of containing 
150,000,000 gallons. Two miles further on is the dis- 
tributing reservoir, at Murray Hill. This reservoir is 
of solid masonry, built in the Egyptian style of archi- 
tecture, with massive buttresses, hollow granite walls, 
&c. On the top of the walls is an inclosed promenade. 
It is three miles from the City Hall. The cost of this 
immense undertaking was over thirteen millions of dol- 
lars. 

During the past year the works have been thoroughly 
examined and repaired from the Croton Dam to the 
receiving reservoir at a cost of $19,704. In connec- 
tion with this a typographical survey of the valley of 
the Croton was effected, by which it appears that the 
ridge defining the waters above the point at which the 
Aqueduct begins, measures 101 miles. Within this cir- 
cuit there are 31 lakes and ponds ; and the aggregate 
area of waters including the tributaries is 352 square 
miles; which is equal to 96,034 gallons per square mile 
during the driest season. Yet large as this supply may 
appear, the resources of the Brooklyn water-works are 
nearly six times as great. 



,isA» 



If 



'H'>'f,>,;, 




€?f**^¥| 



PUBLIC WOEKS. 81 

The construction of the 'New Reservoir, &c., now in 
progress, has ah-eady cost upwards of $300,000 ; these 
extensive works will, on their completion, entail a sum 
more than double that anount. By the report of the 
past year, the receipts by the authorities, including ap- 
propriations by the City Government, amounted to 
$1,764,112, the disbursements $1,291,826, leaving a 
balance of $472,286 for all contingencies, as well as the 
completion of these important improvements. 

The New Reservoir is located at York hill, in the 
Central park, between Eighty-fifth and Ninety-seventh 
streets. The gate-houses, which are to cost $193,513, 
are to be built in the outer reservoir bank, and at the 
ends of the central bank of the new reservoir, the 
aqueduct will extend therefrom to about 50 feet east of 
the existing aqueduct, near the Ninth Avenue. The 
south gate-house will be located near Eighty-sixth 
street ; 83 feet long, 40 feet wide, and 42 feet above the 
pavement of the bays, which are to be divided. The 
masonry will be very massive, and supported by but- 
tresses four feet wide and sixteen feet high. The north 
gate-house will be 72 feet by 40, and correspond with 
the other so far a relates to distribution and waste- 
pipes, &c. 

At the distance of about eight miles from the City 
Hall is 

THE HIGH BRIDGE, 

The most important structure connected with the Cro- 
ton Aqueduct. It is thrown across the Harlem valley 
and river. It spans the whole width of the valley and 
river at a point where the latter is 620 feet wide, and 
the former a quarter of a mile. Eight arches, each with 
a span of 80 feet, compose this structure ; and the ele- 
vation of the arches gives 100 feet clear of the river 
from their lower side. Besides these, there are several 
other arches rising from the ground, the span of which 
is somewhat more than half that of the first mentioned. 
The material employed throughout the whole of this 



82 CITY OF NEW TOEK. 

imposing object is granite. The works cost $900,000. 
The water is led over this bridge, which is 1450 feet in 
extent, in iron pipes ; and over all is a pathway, which, 
though wide enough for carriages, is available to pedes- 
trians only. The fare by a carriage, allowing passen- 
gers to remain two or three hours at the bridge, is $5. 
it can be reached pleasantly and expeditiously by the 
Harlem Railroad (Depot 4th Avenue and 26th street), 
or in summer by the Third Avenue Railroad and steam- 
boat from Harlem. 

SHIP-BTTILDING YARDS AND DRY DOCKS. 

Of the numerous works in and around New York, the 
stranger must not fail to pay a visit to the Ship-Build- 
ing Yards and Dry Dochs^ where gigantic steamers may 
be seen in every stage of progress, and all the most 
approved machinery connected with ship-building in 
active operation. 

THE NOVELTY WORKS, 

At the foot of Twelfth street, are of themselves a per- 
fect marvel, and here the stranger may spend an hour 
with the greatest pleasure and profit in witnessing all 
the wonders of the steam-engine. 



A stone structure, said to be the largest of the kind in 
the world, and a perfect monument of engineering skill, 
will also well repay the trouble of a visit. The dimen- 
sions of this gigantic dock are 400 feet in length by 120 
in breadth at their base. The work took ten years in 
its construction; it cost $2,150,000. 

THE SECTIONAL DOCK, 

At the foot of Pike street, East River, is an object well 
worth visiting. The dock is constructed for the pur- 
pose of lifting vessels, by means of tanks filled with . 
water. There is also another process of raising a ves 
sel, by means of pulleys, worked by hydrauUc power. 




I 



SHIPS. FORTIFICATIONS. 83 



CLrPPER SHIPS, PACKETS, ETC. 

The (locks along the North River, from the Battery 
northward, and also especially along the East River, 
exhibit a complete forest of masts of the naval architec- 
ture of the city. Splendid packet-ships, clippers, and 
steamboats, of all descriptions and sizes, hem in the 
margins of these rivers. On the North River may be 
seen the stately ocean-steamers. These also are objects 
of interest to strangers, and they may inspect the ele- 
gant cabins of these splendid vessels on application. 



FOKTS AND FORTIFICATIOKS. 

The national defences of New York comprise the 
following: the strong fortifications of the Narrows — on 
the one side. Forts Hamilton and La Fayette, the latter 
having three tiers of guns, &c. ; on the other side, 
Forts Tompkins and Richmond, situated on Staten 
Island heights. To protect the inner harbor, there are 
Forts Columbus and Castle William, on Governor's 
Island, and the worlds on Bedlow's and Ellis' Islands. 

Castle "William, measuring 600 feet in circumference, 
and 60 feet high, is a circular stone battery, with 
magazines, &c. 

Fort Columbus, on the same island, connects with the 
former. HerQ are barracks and a corps of the United 
States troops. 

Governor^ Island, formerly known as Nut Island, 
froiiY its formerly being covered with nut-trees, was, 
in colonial times, used by the English governors as 



84 CITY OF NEW YOEK. 

pleasure-grounds. The several fortifications here, may- 
be easily seen, by taking a boat from Castle Garden, 
foot of the Battery. There are other fortifications for 
the defence of Long Island Sound, and also towards 
Sandy Hook. 



PEINCIPAL EESTAURAIS'T SALOONS. 

These are Taylor's Saloon^ the largest and most 
sumptuous in the city or country, No. 865 Broadway, 
corner of Franklin street. 

Maillardh Saloon^ in Broadway, adjoining St. Thomas' 
Church, corner of Houston street. There are two or 
three others on Broadway, in the neighborhood of 
Tenth and Twelfth streets. 

The Refectories and Oyster Saloons are too numer- 
ous to detail, being accessible in almost every section 
of the city. The more important are the following: 

Florence's, 609 Broadway. 

Keefe''s^ 594 Broadway. 

JPieris & PurceWs, 734 Broadway. 

The Merchants'' Restaurant, Astor House. 

Clarh & Brown''s, 86 Maiden Lane. 

Berry''s, 6 Broad street. 

Delmonico's, corner of Broadway and Chambers st. 

Geo. W. Browne's, 123 Water street. 

Thompsori's, 25 Pine street. 

Sherwood's, Broadway, corner of Worth street. 

The consumption of oysters in New York is immense; 
it having been computed that the daily consumption is 
valued at $15,000, and that some 1500 boats are con- 
stantly engaged to obtain the supply for this city alone. 



,,/2i«!>te> 




St. Denis Hotel, (p. 62.) 



HOTELS. — ^MAEKETS. 



PRmCIPAL HOTELS. 

The Astor House, Broadway, near the City Hall Park 

The Metropolitan, Broadway, corner of Prince street. 

St. Nicholas, Broadway, corner of Spring street. 

Prescott House, Broadway, corner of Spring street. 

Tlie Everett House, north side of Union Square. 

La Farge House, Broadway, opposite Bond street. 

New Yorh Hotel, Broadway, cor. of Washington Place. 

The Clarendon, cor. Fourth Avenue and Eighteenth st. 

St. Denis, corner of Broadway and Eleventh street. 

Union Place Hotel, Union Square. 

Brevoort House, Fifth Avenue and Clinton Place. 

St. Germain, Fifth Avenue and Twenty-second street. 

The Julian, Washington Place, near Broadway. 

The Fifth Avenue Hotel, corner of Fifth Avenue and 

Twenty-thh-d street. 

In addition to the above, there are numerous other 
hotels and houses, which may readily be ascertained. 



IsTEW YOEK MAEKETS. 

THE FULTON MAKKET, 

Built in 1821, at a cost of $220,000, is located on a 
block described by Fulton street on the south, Beek- 
man on the north, Front on the west, and South street 
on the east. 

WASHINGTON MARKET 

Is on the western side of the city, on the North River, 
at the foot of Vesey street and Washington street. 
This market receives the produce from the West, as the 
Fil^.on does from the East district. 
8 



86 CITY OF NEW YOEK. 

CATHABINE MARKET 

Is smaller than the above, occupying a square between 
Cherry and South streets, East River. There are also 

CHELSEA MARKET, 

In the Mnth Avenue, near Eighteenth street; 

JEFFERSON MAEKET, 

Corner of Greenwich and Sixth Avenues ; 

CLINTON MARKET, 

Situate at the foot of Canal street, between the IN'orth 
Eiver and Washington street ; and 

TOMPKINS MARKET,* 

Between Sixth and Seventh streets, Third Avenue. 

There is yet another, more central, and on a larger 
scale, known as 

CENTRE MARKET, 

In Centre street, extending from Grand to Broome 
streets. This is a well-built and commodious place, 
adapted for the various departments of a public market. 
The building is substantial, built of brick, two stories 
nigh ; the upper portion being used as armories and 
drill-rooms by miUtary companies, &c. 



THE OCEAN STEAMSHIPS. 

The offices of the several lines of steamships are as 
follows : 

Cunard Steamers. — E. Cunard, 4 Bowling Green. 




LIFE 



MANHATTAN 



Office, Bank of Commerce Building, 31 IVassaii Street, 

Opposite the Post-Office, NEW-YORK 

CASH CAPITAL AND ACCUMUIATION, $800,000. 

Deposited with the Comptroller of the State, for the security of all Policy 
holders,' -tl 00,000, according to law. 



O. Y. WEMPLE. Secretarr. 
J. L. ilALaEY, Asb'i " 



N. D. MORGAN, President. 
S. N. STEBBINS, Actuary. 



TELEGRAPH LINES, 87 

VanderliWs European Line. — D. Torrance, 5 Bowl- 
ing Green. 

U. S. Mail Steamship Co., for Aspinwall. — J. "W. Ray- 
mond, 177 West street. 

Glasgow Steamers. — R. Craig, 6 Bowling Green. 

Charleston Steamers. — Spoflbrd, 'Jileston & Co., 29 
Broadway. 

Pacific Mail Steamship Co. — 88 Wall street. 

The Liverpool., New York, and Philadelphia S. S. Co. 
— John G. Dale, 15 Broadway. 

North German Lloyd S. S. Co. — Oelrichs & Co., 68 
Broadway. 

Steamship Great Eastern, to Liverpool. — Chas. A. 
Whitney, 26 Broadway. 

M. 0. Boherts'' Line to San Francisco and Oregon. — 
D. N. Carrington, 177 West street. 

Advertisements of other lines are to be found either 
in the Directory, or in the columns of the New York 
Herald. 



TELEGEAPH LUSTES. 



The following are the Telegraph offices of the city : 

American Telegraph Co., 145 Broadway. 

New Yorh and Erie Railroad, 145 Broadway, for the 

line of that road. 
Neic Yorh, Albany, and Buffalo, 145 Broadway, for the 

North, West, and South. 



88 CITY OF NEW TOBK. 



FOKEIGN CO:^SULS. 

Great Britain — E. M. Archibald, 17 Broadway. 
France — Chas. De Month olon, 2 Bowling Green. 
Spain — Francisco Stoughton, 121 Leonard street. 
Mexico — Joseph M. Duran, 10 Pine street. 
> Russia — ^N. Selinonoff, 7 Broadway. 

For a full list of the Consuls of Foreign States, 
Trow's New York Directory. 



THE INTEW TOKK FIREMEK 

One very marked peculiarity of the municipal govern 
ment, is the efficiency of its Fire police : the more es- 
sential to New York from the fatal frequency of its fires. 

The firemen constitute something like a distinct 
power in the state, and when pleased to unite for any 
particular object, can make themselves felt to a large 
extent. 

It is altogether a gratuitous and voluntary service, — 
the only sort of compensation for their services being 
immunity from jury and militia duty. 

"We gather the following facts respecting this im- 
portant institution of the city, from the last annual re- 
port of the Chief Engineer. The working organization 
of the department consists at the present time of the 
following force : 14 engineers, 1922 members of engine 
conipanies, 1262 members of hose companies, and 502 
members of hook-and-ladder companies — making a to- 
tal of 3700 men. The above are divided into 47 engine 
companies, 57 hose companies, and 15 hook-and-laddei 
companies. The first-class engine companies have 7<l 



OMNIBUSES AND EAIL-OAES. 89 

men, the second 60, and tlie third 50 ; the hook-and 
ladder 50, and the hose 30. 

Total number of fires in New York during the year 
1858, is estimated at 261 ; the total loss of property, at 
$1,108,646 — including the destruction of the Crystal 
Palace in October, which forms a large item in the 
amount. It is designed to extend Beekman street 
through tlie Park to Park Place, and to erect a la'-ge 
central building for tlie Fire Department on the south- 
ern extremity of the Park. The city of New York is 
protected by a volunteer Fire Department, whose effi- 
ciency is worthy of all praise. During the past year, 
two large steam fire-engines have been adopted, but 
except for extraordinary occasions, they are considered 
less successful in operation than those ordinarily in 
use. There is a Widow and Orphan Fund of the 
New York Fire Department established. 



OMOTBUSES A:N"D EAIL-CAES. 

The omnibus lines are 29 in number, comprising 671 
vehicles, which average about 10 down and as many 
up trips daily. Besides these stages there are five lines 
of commodious city cars, drawn by horses or mules 
along rails laid on the streets. The fare is only 5 cents. 
They run as follows : 

Harlem Co.''s City Cars — From Park Row to Centre 
street, through Centre to Grand, Grand to Bowery, up 
Bowery to Fourth Avenue and Twenty-seventh street. 

Second Avenue Cars — From Peck Slip, through Pearl, 
Chatham, Bowery, Grand, and Allen streets, First Ave 
nue, East Twenty-third street and Second Avenue, to 
Harlem. 

Third Avenue Railroad — Park Row, Bowery, Third 
Avenue, to Yorkville. 

8* 



90 CITY OF NEW YORK. 

Sixth Avenue Railroad — Yesey, through Church and 
Chambers streets, West Broadway, Canal, Varick, and 
Carmine streets. Sixth Avenue, to fifty-ninth street 

Eighth Avenue Railroad — Vesey, through Church, 
Chambers, "West Broadway, Canal, Hudson streets, and 
Eighth Avenue, to West Fifty-ninth street. 

Ninth Avenue Railroaa — Barclay, corner of Church, 
through Church, Chambers, West Broadway, Canal, 
Greenwich, and Ninth avenue to Fifty-ninth street. 

For the several stage and omnibus routes throughout 
the city, see the New York Directory. Most of them 
have their route designated on the outside of the ve- 
hicle. A large proportion of them pass up and down 
Broadway almost incessantly. 



THE HACKNEY-COACH STANDS 

are in Park Place ; in Broadway, around the Bowling 
Green; in Hudson street, nearDuane; and in Chatham 
Square. 

Caeeiage Fares. 

For any distance not exceeding one mile, 50 cents is 
the authorized charge ; for two passengers, 75 cents ; 
for every additional passenger, 88 cents. 

For any distance exceeding one mile, and less than 
two miles, 75 cents; and for every additional passenger, 
Thirty-seven and a half cents. 

For the use of a hackney-coach or carriage by the 
day, with one or more passengers, $5.00 

For a carriage or hackney-coach by the hour, $1.00 
per hour. 

Porterage. 

For any distance within half a mile, if carried by 
hand, 12 cents ; if on wheelbarrow or hand-cart, 25 
cents ; if exceeding half a mile, and less than one mile, 
one half more is charged, and so on in proportion. 



BAILBOADS. 93 



EAILROADS. 

NEW YOKK AND NEW HAVEN. 

Th.3 is much frequented ; the distance to New Ha- 
ven is 76 miles ; but the route is continued on to Spring- 
field 63 miles further, and thence a distance of 100 
miles more reaches Boston. The whole journey, which 
saves the passage on the Sound, is accomplished in about 
8 hours. The depot is on the corner of Fourth Avenue 
and Twenty-seventh street. This road cost $4,233,000. 

NEW YORK AND HARLEM. 

The trains run on this road as far as Albany, stop- 
ping at intermediate places. As far as Williams' 
Bridge, which is 14 miles from the city, they run on 
the same track as the New Haven trains, afterwards 
they branch off. The Harlem tunnel, a quarter of a 
mile in length, is a wonderful excavation, being cut 
through solid granite ; — while it is approached by a 
long deep cut of more than a mile in length. Oars 
leave the depot opposite the Astor House, every five 
minutes, for Twenty-seventh street, from half-past 7 
A. M., to 8 p. m; and the night line every 20 minutes, 
from 8 to 12. Cars for Harlem, only, leave from tho 
same place every hour throughout the day. 

THE HUDSON RIVER. 

The city depot of this road is at the junction ol 
Chambers and Hudson streets, whence passengers are 
conveyed to the depot at Thirtieth street, corner of 
Tenth Avenue, for the locomotive. This road extendi 
to Albany, and stops at the intermediate places. Its 
time-table varies, but can be had on application. This 
is considered the best-constructed road in the country; 
its cost, for 144 miles, is stated at $9,300,000. 



CITY OF NEW YORK. 



THE FERRIES. 

TO BROOKLYN. 

Fulton Ferry ^ from Fulton street, ITew York, con- 
veys passengers to Fulton street, Brooklyn, every five 
minutes during the day, and continues running all 
night ; but after 12 o'clock p. m., the interval of the 
trips is half an hour. 

South Ferry — from Whitehall street, as at Fulton 
ferry. 

Hamilton Ferry — from Whitehall street, every 15 
minutes. 

Catharine Ferry — from Catharine street, every 6 
minutes. 

Jackson Ferry — from Gouverneur street, every 15 
minutes. 

Wall Street Ferry — from Wall street, every 5 min- 
utes. 

Roosevelt Ferry — from Roosevelt street, every 10 
minutes. 

TO WmiAMSBURGH. 

Pech Slip Ferry— ivom. Peck Slip, every 5 minutes. 

Or and Street Ferry — from foot of Grand street, 
every 10 minutes. 

Houston Street Ferry — from Houston street, every 
10 minutes. 

James Street Ferry — from James street, every 15 
minutes. 

TO JERSEY CITY. 

Jersey City Ferry — from foot of Courtland street, 
N. R. The boats make trips every 15 minutes. 
From foot of Chambers street to Pavonia avenue. 

TO HOBOKEN. 

Barclay Street Ferry — from foot of Barclay street. 
Canal Street Ferry — from foot of Canal street. 



EXPEESSES AND DEPOTS. 93 

Christoplier Street Ferry — from foot of Christopher 
street. 

TO STATEN ISLAND. 

Ferry from foot of Whitehall street to New Brighton^ 
Fort Richmond^ and adjacent places, every hour and 
half. 

To Qtiarantine, Stapleton^ <fcc., boats run every hour. 

TO BLACK WELL'S ISLAND. 

From foot of 61st street. 

TO ASTOTIIA. 

From 86th street, every 15 minutes. 

TO GBEENPOINT. 

From foot of 10th street, E. K. 

TO FORT LEE AND BULL'S FERRY. 
From pier 43, N. R. 

TO GUTTENBTJRG. 
From foot of 42d street, IST. R. 

STEAMERS TO ALBANY, 

And intermediate places, leave Pier N"o. 18, foot oi 
Courtland street, and Pier 24, foot of Robinson street. 



EXPEESSES AKD DEPOTS. 

Adams\ East, South, and California, 59 Broadvray. 
American Express Company^ North and West, Hud- 
son, corner of Jay. 

Erie Railroad^ Broadway, corner of Dey. 
Harnden's^ East and South, 74 Broadway. 
Kinsl€y''s, East and South, 72 Broadway. 
National Express to Canada^ 74 Broadway. 
Harlem Railroad^ Tryon Row, east of City Hall. 



94 



CITY OF NEW YORK. 



Hudson Ewer Railroad^ Chambers and Hudson 
street. 

Long Island Railroad^ Hunter's Point, Long Island. 

New Jersey^ 73 Oourtland street. 

Harnden's^ Savannah and South, 74 Broadway. 



LIST OF PIEES. 



East 

1, 2, foot Whitehall. 


Wi'der. 

31, 32, foot James' slip. 


8, " Moore. 


33, " Oliver. 


4, bet. Moore and Broad. 


34,35, " Catharine. 


5, " Broad and Coenties slip. 


36,87, " Market 


6, 7, 8. Coenties slip. 


38, (Z. Eing's) bet Market and 


9, 10, bet. Coenties and Old slips. 


Pike slip. 


11, 12, Old slip. 


39, 40, foot Pike. 


13, b. Old si. & Grouverneur''s la. 


41. (Sectional dock) bet. Pike and 


14, foot Jones' lane. 


Etilgers. 


15, 16, foot Wall. 


42, 43, foot Eutgers. 


17, foot Pine. 


44, " Jefferson. 


18, " Maiden lane. 


45, " Clinton. 


19, « Fletcher. 


46, bet Clinton and Montgomery. 


20, 2L foot Burlino; slip. 


47, foot Montgomery. 


22, " Fulton: 


48, not built 


2.3, " Beekman. 


49, foot Grouvemeur's slip. 


24, bet Beekmtin and Peck slip. 


50, not built 


25, 26, foot Peck slip. 


51, 52, foot Walnut 


27, foot Dover. 


53, 54, " Grand. 


28, bet. Dover and Eoosevelt. 


55, 56, " Broome. 


29, foot Eoosevelt. 


57, " Delancey. 


80, bet. Eoosevelt and James. 


58, bet. Eivington and Stanton. 


North 


Rmer. 


1, foot Battery place. 


13, foot Liberty. 


2, 3, bet. Battery place & Morris. 


14, bet Liberty and Courtland. 


4, foot Morris. 


15, 16, foot Courtland. 


5, 6, 6f. bet. Morris and Eector. 


17, bet Courtland and Dey. 


7, foot Eector. 


18, foot Dey. 


8, 8i, bet. Eector and Carlisle. 


19, " Fulton. 


9, foot Carlisle. 


20, bet. Fulton and Yesey. 


10, « Albany. 


21,footVesey. 


11, bet Albany and Cedar. 


22, bet Vesey and Barclay. 


12, foot Cedar. 


23, 24, foot Barclay. 



THE CITY OF BROOKLYN". 



85, foot Robinson. 


39, 


40. foot Canal, 


26, foot Murray, 


41, 


foot Spring. 


27, " Warren. 


42, 


bet. Spring and Charlton. 


2S, " Chambers, 


*:3, 


foot Charlton. 


29, " Duane. 


44, 


" King. 


3(1, bet. Durtoe and Jay. 


45, 


" Hainersley. 


SI, foot Jay. 


46, 


" Clarkson. 


32, " Harrison. 


47, 


" Morton. 


88, " Franklin. 


48. 


" Christopher. 


34, '♦ North iMoore. 


49, 


" A in OS. 


35, « Beach. 


60, 


" Charles. 


S6, " Hubert. 


51, 


" Perry. 


87, " Vestry. 


52, 


" Hammond, 


37i, " Desbrosses. 


63, 


« Bank. 


38, " Watts. 


64, 


" Troy, 



THE CITY OF BKOOKLYK, 

Being by far the largest and most important plate 
adjacent to New York, claims more than a passing 
notice. 

Brooklyn has, within the past few years, been char- 
acterized by the same degree of advancement as New 
York. Its present population is estimated at 200,000 ; 
while its numerous and elegant churches, public build- 
ings, and stately private residences, render it equally 
conspicuous. It is a favorite place of residence by the 
New Yorkers, from its pure air, as well as its numerous 
trees, which line most of its streets, and impart to it a 
rural aspect. Fulton Avenue, Flatbush Avenue, and 
the intersecting great highways, are fine thoroughfares. 
Brooklyn, as to its name, is supposed to be derived 
from the Dutch, Breucklen (broken land). It was in- 
corporated as a village in 1816. It has but few relics 
remaining. There is an old house, dated 1696, on the 
route to G-owanus, by the Fifth Avenue. It is known 
as the Cortelyou House. 

The first European settler in this town is supposed 
to have been George Jansen de Rapelje, at the Waal- 



96 CITY OF NEW TOEK. 

boght, or Waaloons Bay, during the Directorship oi 
Peter Minuit, under the charter of the West India 
Company. 

rOBT 6BEENE, 

An elevated plateau, northeast of the Brooklyn City 
Hall, was, during the Revolutionary war, the site of 
important fortifications. It has recently been laid out 
as a public park, and planted with trees. The view of 
the surrounding country from this elevation is exceed- 
ingly attractive. 

THE CIT7 HALL 

Faces the junction of Fulton and Court streets, and is 
distant from Fulton Ferry about one mile. It is a noble 
Ionic structure, built of Westchester marble, and admi- 
rably planned. It has a solid, substantial look. Its 
measurement is as follows: 162 feet in length by 102 
in width ; height 75 feet ; to the top of the cupola the 
height is 153 feet. The cost of the Hall was about 
$200,000. The Park, which is inclosed with the build- 
ing, is of a triangular form. 

THE CITY AEMORY, 

An elegant brick and brown stone structure, on the 
corner of Henry and Cranberry streets, occupies the 
site of the old Apprentices' Library, the corner stone 
of which was laid by Lafayette. The armory was fin- 
ished, January, 1859. It measures 100 feet by 50 — is 
four stories high, with basement. The three upper sto- 
ries are occupied by the 13th, 14th, and 72d Regiments ; 
the fourth being used as a general drill room. The cost 
was $14,300. 

THE STATE ARSENAL 

Is located on the corner of Portland Avenue and Au- 
burn Place, opposite Fort Greene, on Washington Park. 
It is 200 feet by 60 in measurement, having 2 towers, 
and is 2 stories high. It incloses 14 lots of ground. 



BBOOKLYlSr PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 97 

The 70th Regiment of Artillery have their quarters 
here. The cost was $40,000. 

THE POST-OFFICE, 

Formerly on Fulton street, is located in Montague 
street, in the building of the Mechanics' Bank, corner 
of Court street. The mail delivery between the Gen- 
eral Post-Office of New York and Brooklyn, occurs 
two or three times every day. 

THE ACADEMY OF MUSIC. 

This is a noble edifice constructed of brick, and costing 
about $125,000. It is located on Montague near Court 
street, nearly opposite the City Post Office. 

THE "WATER-WORKS. 

This great desideratum of Brooklyn has recently come 
into operation, and promises an abundant supply to its 
inhabitants of pure water. It has already been intro- 
duced into the streets and houses. The sources from 
which the supply is obtained is Rockville reservoir, and 
others adjacent to Hempstead, L. I. From thence it 
is conveyed by an open canal to Jamaica reservoir, 
through a conduit to Ridgewood reservoir, where it is 
forced up to an elevation sufficient to answer all pur- 
poses required. The water is pronounced equal, if not 
superior, in purity of taste to the Orotou water. 

THE KINGS COUNTY JAIL 

Is situated in Raymond street, at the foot of Fort 
Greene. It is a dark, heavy-looking, castellated Gothic 
edifice in front, built of red sandstone, with Gothic win- 
dows at each side, and a large yard at the back. 

THE UNITED STATES NAVY YARD, 

At Brooklyn, well deserves the notice of visitors. It 



98 CITY OF NEW TOEK. 

is situated upon the soutli side of Wallabout Bay, in 
the northeast part of the city. It occupies about forty 
acres of ground, inclosed by a high wall. There are 
here two large ship-houses for vessels of the largest 
class, with workshops, and every requisite necessary 
for an extensive naval depot. A dry dock constructed 
here cost about one million of dollars. 

The United States Naval Lyceum, an interesting 
place, also in the Navy Yard, is a literary institution, 
formed in 1833, by officers of the navy connected with 
the port. On the opposite side of the Wallabout, half 
a mile east of the Navy Yard, is the Marine Hospital, 
a fine building, erected on a commanding situation, and 
surrounded by upwards of thirty acres of well-culti- 
vated ground. At the Wallabout were stationed the 
Jersey and other prison-ships of the English, during 
the Eevolutionary war, in which it is said 11,500 
American prisoners perished from the bad air, close 
confinement, and ill-treatment. In 1808, the bones of 
the sufferers, which had been washed out from the 
bank where they had been buried, were collected and 
deposited in thirteen coffins, inscribed with the names 
of the thirteen original States, and placed in a vault 
beneath a wooden building, erected for the purpose in 
Hudson Avenue, opposite Front sti-^et, near the Navy 
Yard. 

It is estimated that the Navy Yard contains property 
to the amount of over $23,000,000. 

THE ATLANTIC DOCK. 

These extensive works are situated below the South 
Ferry, within what is called Red Hook Point, the out- 
side pier extending some 3000 feet on the " Butter- 
milk Channel." They are owned by a Company, which 
was incorporated in 1840, with a capital of one million 
of dollars. The basin within the piers comprises about 
42 acres, with a sufficient depth of water to receive 
ships of the largest size. The masonry of these granite 
works is very well worth visiting. The Hamilton For- 



BROOKLYN PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 99 

ry, from the Battery, is the readiest approach to the 
Atlantic Dock. 

THE LONG ISLAND COLLEGE HOSPIIAL, 

Henry street, near Pacific street, is a noble institu- 
tion, liberally endowed, and occupying a spacious and 
elegant edifice, with grounds inclosed. It is sustained 
by the most eminent medical skill, and highly prosper- 
ous in its results, although but comparatively a recent 
institution. 

THE FEMALE ORPHAN ASYLUM 

Is situated in Congress street, and the 

MALE ORPHAN ASYLUM, 
In Bedford Avenue. 

THE CITY HOSPITAL, 

In Raymond street, near De Kalb Avenue, organized in 
1845, took possession of its present edifice in 1852. 

THE DISPENSARY FOR THE EYE AND EAR, 

No. 109 Pineapple street, was established in 1850. 

THE POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE, 

On Livingston street, between Court and Boerum 
streets, is a beautiful modern edifice, devoted to the 
education of young lads. It possesses a fine lecture- 
room, and is under the management of, a regular 
faculty. 

THE PACKER COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE, 

For the instruction of young ladies, is situated in Jora- 
lemon street, between Court and Clinton streets. It is 
an elegant Gothic building of brick, and very spacious 
and elegant in its appointments. There is a large lee 



98 CITY OF NEW YOEK. 

is situated upon the south side of "Wallabout Bay, in 
the northeast part of the city. It occupies about forty 
acres of ground, inclosed by a high wall. There are 
here two large ship-houses for vessels of the largest 
class, with workshops, and every requisite necessary 
for an extensive naval depot. A dry dock constructed 
here cost about one million of dollars. 

The United States Naval Lyceum, an interesting 
place, also in the Navy Yard, is a hterary institution, 
formed in 1833, by officers of the navy connected with 
the port. On the opposite side of the Wallabout, half 
a mile east of the Navy Yard, is the Marine Hospital, 
a fine building, erected on a commanding situation, and 
surrounded by upwards of thirty acres of well-culti- 
vated ground. At the Wallabout were stationed the 
Jersey and other prison-ships of the English, during 
the Revolutionary war, in which it is said 11,500 
American prisoners perished from the bad air, close 
confinement, and ill-treatment. In 1808, the bones of 
the sufiferers, which had been washed out from the 
bank where they had been buried, were collected and 
deposited in thirteen coffins, inscribed with the names 
of the thirteen original States, and placed in a vault 
beneath a wooden building, erected for the purpose in 
Hudson Avenue, opposite Front sti'eet, near the Navy 
Yard. 

It is estimated that tlie Navy Yard contains property 
to the amount of over |23,000,000. 

THE ATLANTIC DOCK. 

These extensive works are situated below the South 
Ferry, within what is called Red Hook Point, the out- 
side pier extending some 3000 feet on the " Butter- 
milk Channel." They are owned by a Oon^pany, which 
was incorporated in 1840, with a capital of one million 
of dollars. The basin within the piers comprises about 
42 acres, with a sufficient depth of water to receive 
ships of the largest size. The masonry of these granite 
works is very well worth visiting. The Hamilton F©f- 



BROOKLYN PUBLIC BUILDINGS. 99 

ry, from the Battery, is tlie readiest approach to the 
Atlantic Dock. 

THE LONG ISLAND COLLEGE HOSPIIAL, 

Henry street, near Pacific street, is a noble institu- 
tion, liberally endowed, and occupying a spacious and 
elegant edifice, with grounds inclosed. It is sustained 
by the most eminent medical skill, and highly prosper- 
ous in its results, although but comparatively a recent 
institution. 

THE FEMALE ORPHAN ASYLUM 

Is situated in Congress street, and the 

MALE ORPHAN ASYLUM, 

In Bedford Avenue. 

THE CITY HOSPITAL, 

In Raymond street, near De Kalb Avenue, organized in 
1845, took possession of its present edifice in 1852. 

THE DISPENSARY FOR THE EYE AND EAR, 

No. 109 Pineapple street, was established in 1850. 

THE POLYTECHNIC INSTITUTE, 

On Livingston street, between Court and Boerum 
streets, is a beautiful modern edifice, devoted to the 
education of young lads. It possesses a fine lecture- 
room, and is under the management of, a regular 
faculty. 

THE PACKER COLLEGIATE INSTITUTE, 

For the instruction of young ladies, is situated in Jora- 
lemon street, between Court and Clinton streets. It is 
an elegant Gothic building of brick, and very spaciouis 
and elegant in its appointments. There is a large lee 



100 CITY OF NEW YOEK. 

ture-room in the centre of the edifice, which is h'ghted 
by a long Gothic window. 

There are in Brooklyn and its suburbs over 30 ward 
schools, some being of the largest dimensions, capable 
of accommodating 1500 to 1800 children, besides pri- 
mary schools and schools for colored children. 



BEOOKLY]^ HOTELS. 

THE PIEBREPONT HOUSE, 

In Montague Place, overlooking the Wall Street Ferry, 
is a very spacious and elegant establishment, possessing 
all the modern accessories of a first-class hotel, being 
adapted to every conceivable want. 

THE MANSION HOUSE, 

On Henry street, not far from the corner of Pierrepont 
street, is another of the large hotels, furnishing elegant 
accommodations for some 250 guests. 

THE GLOBE HOTEL, 

No. 244 Fulton street, is a conveniently located house 
for visitors. The Brooklyn cars pass it every five 
minutes. It is much frequented by ofl5cers of the navy 



PUBLIC ESrSTITUTIOJ^S. 

THE BROOKLYN ATHENiEUM, 

On the corner of Atlantic and Clinton streets, is a 
literary institution, containing a fine library, reading- 



BROOKLYN PUBLIC INSTITUTIONS. 101 

room, lecture-room, (fee. There is a Mercantile Library 
Association connected with it, on the plan of the New 
York society of that name. It is a handsome brick 
building, with stone facings. There is a good library 
connected with the Association. 

THE LYCEUM, 

Situate in "Washington street, corner of Concord street, 
is a literary institution of repute. It contains a good 
library, designed for youth ; also, a museum of natural 
history, lecture-room, &c. 

THE BROOKLYN SAVINGS BANK, 

On the junction of Concord and Fulton streets, has 
long been one of the architectural ornaments of this 
city. It is one of the most elegant, externally and in- 
ternally, of the numerous elegant edifices of Brooklyn. 

HALSEY BTJILDINGS, 

A splendid range of iron buildings, on Fulton street, 
facing the City Hall, present a fine specimen of archi- 
tectural skill. The same remark will apply to the 
stately mansions that cluster along Montague street, 
Remsen street, and the vicinity of Wall Street Ferry, 
and several parts of South Brooklyn. 

GREENWOOD CEMETERY. 

(Office No. 30 Broadway.) 

The situation of this cemetery is on Gowanus 
Heights, about two and a half miles from the South 
Ferry, whence visitors can easily be conveyed to the 
cemetery in an omnibus. 

The cemetery is laid out in the most tastefully varie- 
gated manner, with fifteen miles of avenues, besides nu- 
merous paths. In its more elevated parts it commands 
beautiful and attractive views, such as the city of New 
York, with its bay and harbor, its islands and forts, 
9* 



102 CITY OF NEW YOEK. 

and reaching away beyond all interjacent objects, it 
carries out the eye to the great ocean itself. 

On the margin of " Sylvan Lake" stands the memo- 
rial of the fair, yet hapless girl of the forest ^'Do-hum- 
me," who so soon exchanged her bridal for her burial. 
Not far from this monument is the tomb of the friend- 
less poet, McDonald Clarke, and near by, that of the 
young and beautiful votary of fashion. Miss Oanda, 
whose sudden death caused such deep sympathy some 
years since. This magnificent tomb cost $10,000. 
Among the numerous costly monuments, ought to be 
named the Pilots' and the Firemen's columns. 

This cemetery is 330 acres in extent, and is of undu- 
lating and varied character. Free admission is granted 
to the public on week days, by tickets obtainable from 
any undertaker, but on Sabbuth this privilege is re- 
stricted to proprietors, their families, and persons who 
may be of their party. The principal avenue is named 
The Tour, and by keeping in this, strangers will secure 
the most favorable general view. A little careful at- 
tention, however, to the guide-boards in the grounds, 
will enable them, ere long, to thread tlieir way through 
the more retired, but not less beautiful passage;;, within 
this solemn inclosure. 

Some four or five miles eastward of Brooklyn are 
the Cemeteries of the Evergreens and Cypress Hills; 
they do not, however, compare with Greenwood for 
beauty of scenery or architectural adornment. 

The vicinity of Brooklyn possesses many points of 
interest; we can but name some of them. Williams- 
lurgh — which, were it not now incorporated with 
Brooklyn, would be considered a city of itself — Flush- 
ing^ Flaibush^ Jamaica^ Bath^ Fort Hamilton^ Coney 
Island^ New Utrecht^ Rochaway^ &c. Near Ouildford^ 
on a rocky peninsula, is the cave of the notorious 
pirate, Oapt. Kidd ; it is marked with his initials. 




t3T Presbyterian Church, 5th Avenue, (p. G9.) 



OHUEOHKS OF BEOOKLTN. 103 



CHURCHES OF BEOOKLYK 

In addition to numerous elegant stores and private 
mansions, that in many instances vie with those of the 
Fiftli Avenue of New York, Brooklyn possesses about 
80 churches. The most notable of these are 

CHURCH OF THE HOLY TRINITY, 

Corner of Clinton and Montague streets, is a splendid 
Gothic edifice, of brown stone, measuring, with the rec- 
tory adjoining, 160 feet; width, 80 feet. The windows 
are of riclily-stained glass. That in the church, repre- 
senting the scene of the Ascension, is especially note- 
wortliy. This elegant edifice cost $100,000. The Rev. 
Dr. Littlejohn is the rector. 

THE CHURCH OF THE PILGRIMS, 

On the corner of Henry and Remsen streets, erected in 
1845, is of stone, and built in the early Norman style. 
It is very spacious, measuring 135 feet by 80. In the 
main tower, about six feet from the ground, may be 
seen inserted a piece of the "Pilgrim Rock," from 
Plymouth. The lecture room is at the rear of the 
church, and is very spacious. The cost of the building 
was about $50,000. Rev. Dr. Storrs, Jr., is the pastor. 

GRACE CHURCH, 

Situated in Hicks street, near Remsen street. It is 
built of brown stone, and presents a fair specimen of 
the florid Gothic. Its interior is very beautiful — length 
of the nave, 85 feet; width, 60 feet; and the chancel, 
28 by 24 feet. There is an adjoining chapel, 60 by 22 
feet. The cost of the church was $42,000. 

CHURCH OF THE SAVIOUR 

(Unitarian), on the corner of Pierrepont street and Mon- 



104 CITY OF NEW TOBK. 

roe Place, is of red sandstone, in the pointed Gothic. 
It is an elaborately-decorated and symmetrical struc- 
ture. The cost is estimated at $60,000. Eev. Dr. 
Farley is the incumbent. 

FIEST KEFORMED DUTCH CHURCH, 

At the rear of the City Hall, was erected in 1834. It 
measures 111 feet by 66; is of the Grecian order, and 
has a deep pediment, supported by eight massive Ionic 
columns, which impart to the edifice a fine effect. In 
the rear of the pulpit is an effectively-painted recess. 
The Eev. Dr. Dwight is the pastor. 

PLYMOUTH CHURCH, 

In Orange street, between Hicks and Henry streets, is 
perhaps the largest church in Brooklyn, and is yet 
found insufficient for the large concourse which attends 
the preaching of the Rev. Henry Ward Beecher, since 
the society contemplate the immediate erection of a yet 
more spacious building, on the Heights, near the Wall 
Street Ferry. 

CHRIST CHURCH, 

In Clinton street, is a Gothic building, measuring 100 
feet by 60, with a tower 100 feet high. There is, in 
the rear of the church, a lecture-room. The cost was 
$28,000. 

STRONG PLACE CHURCH, 

South Brooklyn, is another fine Gothic edifice, built of 
stone, and much ornamented in the interior. The Rev. 
Dr. Taylor is the pastor. 

THE FIRST PRESBYTERIAN CHURCH, 

In Henl'y street, near Clarke, is a massive-looking struc- 
ture ; lecture-rooms, &c., attached. 

THE DUTCH REFORMED CHURCH, 
In Pierrepont street, is a remarkable structure, and well 



BEOOKLTN. RAILROADS. 105 

worth visiting. Its interior is exceedingly beautiful, and 
said to have been modelled after the earliest Christian 
church, built by the mother of Constantine. Its elab- 
orate, yet chaste decorations present a rich effect. The 
Rev Dr. Bethune, till recently, was the pastor. 

ST. ANN'S CHTJECH, 

Corner of Sands street and Washington, is one of the 
early churches of Brooklyn ; and although of a modest 
exterior, has a plot of green sward surrounding it which 
is very inviting to the eye. 

THE METHODIST CHURCH, 

In Clinton street, near Atlantic, is a rough-hewn stone 
edifice, of the Norman style ; over the principal entrance 
there is a large circular window. The interior is neat 
and attractive in its arrangement. The Rev. H. Mil- 
burn, the blind preacher, is the minister. Crowded au- 
diences attend his eloquent discourses. 

There are numerous other religious edifices, which 
proves that it is no misnomer which has been applied 
to Brooklyn — " the City of Churches." 



CITY RAILKOADS. 

The BrooUyn City Railroads take the following routes, 
starting from the Fulton Ferry : one line runs through 
Fulton street, up Fulton Avenue, terminating at East 
New York, about 7 miles from the City Hall ; another 
passes through Sands street to Williamsburgh ; a third 
line goes up Fulton street, Myrtle Avenue, to Division 
Avenue; a fourth passes up Fulton street, through 
Court street, to Greenwood Cemetery, and the fifth 
from South Ferry, through Atlantic Avenue to Bedford. 



106 CITY OF NEW TOBK. 



PLEASURE EXCURSIOJSrS. 

The environs of New York abound in picturesque re- 
treats for the lover of rural beauty. Not only are abun- 
dant facilities rendered available to the pleasure tourist, 
in the multiplicity of modes of conveyance by land or 
by water, but the geographical position of the metropolis 
places within the circuit of a few miles almost every 
variety of beautiful scenery, as well as villages, towns, 
and localities of historic interest. For a cool sea-breeze 
and pleasing aquatic excursion, the trip by the steamer 
for Shrewsbury and Long Branch, or Coney Island, 
will be found full of interest. Boats for the former 
leave foot of Robinson street, North River, and Peck 
Slip, East River, daily ; for tlie latter the boat starts 
from the foot of Battery Place. 

STATEN ISLAND 

Is a place of much attraction as a summer resort, and 
the boats make the trip every hour, from Whitehall 
dock, near the Battery, The scenery is exceedingly fine, 
and the drives to the Telegraph station, Stapleton, 
Richmond, New Brighton, with their clusters of beau- 
tiful villas and country seats, are full of attraction. 

EOBOEEN. 

On the New Jersey shore, is Hoboken, with its 
Elysian fields and pleasure grounds, the bold bluffs of 
Weehawken, the Sybil's cave, and the memorable spot 
of the duel between Col. Burr and General Hamilton. 
The boats for Hoboken leave every half-hour from 
Canal street, Barclay street, and Christopher street 
ferries. 







CUURCU OP THE PURITANS, (p. 72.) 



PLEASURE EXOTTRSIONS. lOT 



THROQ'S POINT 

Is another pleasing excursion. Sixteen miles from the 
city. It is the termination, at Long Island Sound, of 
Throg's, or rather Thrograorton's Neck. From this 
headland, which divides the East River from the 
Sound, a very splendid view is obtained. Fort Schuy- 
ler, on the point, and Pelham Bridge, may be em- 
braced in this excursion. 

ASTOBIA. 

A third excursion may take for its terminus the 
thriving village of Astoria^ six miles to the northeast 
of New York. The academy, botanic gardens, &c., are 
worthy of notice ; but its most interesting feature is the 
singular whirlpool in its neighborhood, denominated 
Helle Gat—" Hell Gate"— by the Dutch. 

CROTON DAM. 

A visit to the great Oroton Aqueduct is one of the 
most interesting expeditions, as well as the easiest, 
that could be devised. The village of Oroton is about 
35 miles from the city, which is reached best by the 
Hudson River Railroad. The famous Dam pertaining to 
the works is well worthy of a visit. The lake, meas- 
uring 5 miles, covers an area of 400 acres ; it is formed 
by a dam 250 feet long, and 38 feet wide at the base, 
allowing a discharge of 60 million gallons of water daily. 
Cars leave the Chambers-street depot, at the junction 
of West Broadway, every hour. 

DAVID'S ISLAND, 

Which may be reached by taking the New Haven cars 
to New Rochelle, and thence by stage to the ferry, i& 
now occupied as a hospital for sick and wounded sol- 
diers, and is admirably arranged under the superin- 
tendence of Dr. Simmons of the army. It is well worth 
a visit. 



108 CITY OF NEW YOBK. 



THE ElSTYIKOl^S OF THE CITY. 

FLUSHING. 

A pleasant trip to the entrance of Long Island Sound, 
brings one to Flushing, a remarkably rural and pictu- 
resque town, with extensive botanic gardens, nurseries, 
and numerous elegant residences. It is a chosen subur- 
ban retreat of the New Yorkers. The Flushing boat 
leaves, twice a day, the dock adjoining the Fulton 
Ferry. 

FORT HAMILTON, 

An attractive place on the southwestern shore of Long 
Island, about five miles from the city ; and 

CONEY ISLAND, 

A short distance beyond, forming a part of Gravesend 
Township, is a sea-girt barren sand-heap, but com- 
mands a splendid view of the ocean, and is a place of 
much resort by bathers. Stages from Brooklyn, and 
boats from pier No. 1 North River, New York, leave 
daily for these places. 

JAMAICA, 

Which is easy of access by the L. I.' Railroad, South 
Ferry, which leaves three or four times a day, is an 
interesting old rural town, and is the highway of com- 
munication to Hempstead, Greenpoint, Rockaway, and 
Montauk : the last named, on the extremity of the island, 
affords a magnificent view of the broad ocean, which 
there skirts the horizon in almost every direction. 
There is a remnant of pure Indians still living on this 
eastern extremity of the coast. 

ROCKAWAY BEACH 

Is another fashionable watering-place ; there is a splen- 



ENVIB0N8. 109 

did hotel here, and every accommodation for the com- 
fort of the valetudinarian. Turning again to the shores 
of New Jersey on the west, we find no less inviting 
attractions. 

JERSEY CITY, 

With its prodigious Depot of tlie Philadelphia and other 
trains, its noble Ferry Depot, and its numerous facto- 
ries, streets of busy merchants, &c., first greet us. This 
city is the starting point of several important railroad 
trains, which convey the tourist at almost any hour to 
the several places we shall briefly specify : namely — 

PATERSON, 

A large manufacturing village, with its picturesque Falls 
of the Passaic — one of the most romantic cascades that 
are to be seen. The water is not of great volume, but 
its precipitous leap over rocky precipices, gives to the 
scene a beautiful effect. 

ELIZABETH CITY 

Is another place of interest, not only from its being one 
of the oldest settlements in the State (1664), but also 
on account of its handsome buildings, and beautifully 
arranged streets, which are garnished with the richest 
foliage. 

NEWARK, 

One of the most important manufacturing cities of the 
State, is fast becoming a great centre of activity in all 
the useful arts. Being a convenient halting-phice for 
the Philadelphia trains, this city has increased with 
wonderful rapidity during a few years. It abounds 
with magnificent churches, and is considered in all re- 
spects a model city for its municipal and civil order. 
Newark's first settlement is ascribed to an ancient date, 
1666, by a colony from New England. Many other 
adjacent places might be mentioned, as worthy of note, 
such as 

10 



110 



CITY OF NEW YORK. 



NEW BRUNSWICK, 

Also an incorporated city, with its celebrated Prince- 
ton College, &c., 

PERTH AMBOY, 

So named from its originally having been chartered to 
the Earl of Perth in 1683, is a neat and picturesque 
watering-place. 



DISTANCES IN THE CITY. 



FROM 


FKOM 


FKOM 




BATTKKT. 


EXCHANGE. 


CITY BALL. 




i mile. 






Rector street. 


i 


i mile. 




Fulton. 


I 


i 




City Hall. 


1 


$ 


i mile. 


Leonard. 


n 


1 


i 


Canal. 


4 


H 


* 


Spring. 


i| 


H 


1 


Houston. 


2 


n 


H 


Fourth. 


H 


2 


H 


Ninth. 


4 


2i 


1* 


Fourteenth. 


4 


2i 


2 


Nineteenth. 


3 


2i 


21: 


Twenty-fourth. 


8r 


3 


2| 


Twenty-ninth. 


3 


H 


2* 


Thirty-fourth. 


H 


3j 


3 


Thirty-eighth. 


4 


Si 


3i 


SForty-fourth. 
Forty-ninth. 


4i 


4 


3^ 


4i 


41: 


3J 


Fifty-fourth. 


4| 


H 


4 


Fifty-eighth. 


5 


4| 


4i 


Sixty-third. 


^x 


5 


41 


Sixty-eighth. 


34 


H 


4J 


Seventy-third. 


5* 


5i 


5 


Seventy-eighth. 


6 


5$ 


5i 


Eighty-third. 


6\ 


6 


5i 


Eighty-eiahth. 


H 


6i 


6J 


Ninety-third. 


6f 


6^ 


6 


Ninety-seventh. 


7 


H 


6i 


One Hundred and Second. 


n 


7 


el 


One Hundred and Seventh. 


n 


7i 


6| 


One Hundrfd and Twelfth. 


^l 


7| 


7 


One Hundred and Seventeenth. 


8 


tI 


71: 


One Hundred and Twenty-flrst. 


H 


8 


7i 


One Hundred and Twenty-sixth. 



Ill 



One 
1 to 



righ\, 

Lex- 
enue, 

pting 
cond, 
> feet 



al at- 

it fit- 

This 

1 the 

ictur- 

f the 

ay be 

pali- 

s and 

coun- 

colos- 

i that 

ip, on 

s that 

Not 

ed; it 

rs are 

evoln- 

nerao 




Broadway, looking up from Exchange Place, 



THE HUDSON RIVER. Ill 

STREETS AND AVENUES. 

The length of the blocks between First and One 
Hundred and Twenty-first streets, vary from 181 to 
211 feet 11 inches. 

Those between the Avenues (which run at righto 
angles to the streets), vary from 405 to 920 feet. 

The Avenues are all 100 feet wide, excepting Lex- 
ington and Madison, which are 75, and Fourth Avenue, 
above Thirty-fourth street, which is 140 feet wide. 

The numerical streets are all 60 feet wide, excepting 
Fourteenth, Twenty-third, Thirty-fourth, Forty-second, 
and eleven others, north of these, which are 100 feet 
wide. 



THE HUDSON EIVEE. 

The tour of the noble Hudson is of such especial at- 
traction and interest to travellers, that we deem it fit- 
ting to devote a page or two to its description. This 
magnificent river has been appropriately styled the 
Ehine of America, on account of its bold and pictur- 
esque scenery, which presents every variety of the 
beautiful in nature. On the western shores may be 
seen the long line of its natural ramparts — the pali- 
sades; on the opposite side, its magnificent slopes and 
towering heights crowned with numerous elegant coun- 
try mansions. Adjacent to West Point are the colos- 
sal Highlands — those grand old mountain-peaks that 
rear themselves into the blue sky; and farther up, on 
either side, are the numerous towns and hamlets tliat 
gem the margin of this renowned liistoric river. Not 
alone for physical beauty is the Hudson celebrated ; it 
is full of historic and legendary lore. Its waters are 
vocal with the hallowed reminiscences of our Revolu- 
tionary struggle; and all along its shores linger memo 



112 CITY OF NEW YORK. 

ries of heroic deeds of our forefathers. Its rocks and 
valleys are chronicled with the blood of the martyrs 
and heroes of freedom. 

"What though no cloister gray, nor ivied column, 

Along these cliffs their sorabre ruins rear; 
What though no frowning tower, nor temple solemn, 

Of tyrants tell of superstition here ; 
There's not a verdant glade, nor mountain hoary, 
But treasures up the memory of freedom's story. 

While nature has been tlius lavish in her decorations 
of this noble river, art has fitted up for the accommo- 
dation of the lover of the picturesque, those costly and 
elegant aquatic palaces — the steamboats, which have 
been long, and so justly, the pride of New York. Har- 
riet Martineau mentions, in her book on America, that 
if she were a New Yorker, she would sleep three nights 
out of the week, during summer time, on board the 
Hudson river steamers. These floating palaces are the 
frequent resort, not only of the stranger, but also of the 
denizens of the city, who seek the refreshing free air 
and enchanting scenery afforded by such an excursion. 
As the vessel leaves the dock, we first pass the Elysian 
fields of Hoboken, Weehawken bluff, and Bergen heights, 
on the west, and the long line of the city wharves and 
factories on the east. A little farther onward rises 
Fort Lee, a rocky bluff which commences the palisades, 
and which extend some twenty-five miles up the river, 
and then strike inland. The palisade range are of trap- 
rock, and resemble the Giant's Causeway, in Ireland. 
The island of Manhattan, on which New York is situ- 
ated, is of primitive granite, while the opposite shore 
is of the tertiary formation. Among other prominent 
buildings Avhich garnish the edge of the island, may be 
seen the Orphan and the Lunatic Asylums^ also numer- 
ous cottages and villas. The town of Manhattanville 
is next visible, beautifully embosomed in a valley, being 
surrounded with hills. Here the celebrated naturalist 
Audubon resided. Carmansville^ about nine miles 
from the city proper, is clustered with neat rural resi- 
dences, and is a favorite resort of New Yorkers, as a 



THE HUDSON RIVEB. 113 

suburban retreat. Near this spot is the High Bridge^ 
which carries the Croton aqueduct across the Harlem 
river. One mile farther is the bold, rocky height, 
known as Fort Washington^ memorable in our Revolu- 
tionary annals. It was the scene of a sanguinary en- 
counter with the invading army, in which the British 
lost eight hundred men, and we some two thousand 
prisoners. The next object of interest is Spuyten Duy- 
vel Ci'ceJc, the origin of which name is humorously de- 
scribed in Knickerbocker's History of New York. 
This stream, which flows into the Harlem river, forms 
the northern boundary of the island of Manhattan. 
The next town we meet, some sixteen miles from the 
city of New York, is Tankers^ a beautiful and pic- 
turesque spot, and one of great resort as a rural re- 
treat. It is full of elegant villas and pretty cottages. 
Near the town are Fordham^ with its Roman Catholic 
College, and Tetard's Hill^ noted in Revolutionary 
history. Hastings is the next place of note. Here 
the palisades begin to recede from the river. DoWs 
Ferry^ an important spot in Revolutionary times, is 
situate on the western shore. On the opposite side of 
the river is the residence of Washington Irving — Sunny- 
side. This beautiful, antique, villa is scarcely visible 
from the water, being enveloped with the thick foliage 
which surrounds it. It is styled WolferVs Boosts in 
the "Sketch Book." The pleasure-grounds of Mr. 
Irving's residence are laid out with excellent taste, and 
the picturesque beauty of the place, as well as the 
world-wide fame of the author, render it the great 
attraction of tourists from all parts of the world. We 
notice a little further up, Piermont^ on the west, the 
starting point of the Erie Railroad. About three 
miles beyond is Tappan village, with its spreading bay. 
Tappan is celebrated as being the head-quarters of 
Washington during the war of Independence, and also 
of being the place of Major Andre's execution, in 1780. 
Tarrytoion^ distant twenty-six miles from New York, 
is famed as the place of the capture of Andre, by 
10* 



114 CITY OF NEW TOEK. 

Paulding and his compatriots. The spot is indicated 
by a monument, erected about half a mile northward 
of the town. About two miles distant is " Sleepy Hol- 
low," the scene of Ichabod Crane's adventure with the 
" Galloping Hessian," so amusingly described by Irving, 
in his Legend of Sleepy Hollow. The scene is in ex- 
cellent keeping with the story — a death-like stillness 
reigns here, which is only disturbed by the low mur- 
muring of the mill-stream. Every person who wants 
a fitting book to amuse him on his trip up the Hudson, 
should make Irving''s Sketch Booh his companion du 
voyage. 

Sing-Sing^ 32 miles distant, is now in view, and from 
its elevated position presents an imposing aspect. Here 
is the State Prison, 444 feet in length, built of marble 
dug from the neighboring quarries. Opposite Sing- 
Sing, across Tappan Bay, which at this point is widest, 
is Verdritege^s Hooh^ a bold headland, on the summit 
of which is a lake, the source of the Hackensack river. 
Croton Village is 3 miles farther, with its river which 
supplies New York with its water. The Croton Aque- 
duct and Reservoir are objects of great interest. These 
splendid works cost about $14,000,000. The fountain 
reservoir is 40 miles from New York. The dam built 
at this place is 250 feet long, 70 wide at the base. On 
the western side is Haverstraio^ and 3 miles above it 
Stony Pointy the site of the historic fort of that name. 
Directly opposite is VerplanFs Pointy also interesting 
for its historic associations. Peekskill is a romantic 
and picturesque place, and abounds with beautiful resi- 
dences. On the opposite shore is Co/ldwelVs Landing^ 
which is at the base of the Dunderburg, or thunder- 
mountain. Passing on, we next see the small but pic- 
turesque Buttermtlk Falls., about 200 feet in descent. 
West Point., distant 50 miles, is the next place of at- 
traction, and afi\)rds, doubtless, the most magnificent 
series of beautiful scenery in America. It is surround- 
ed with the Highlands, and commands from its great 
elevation an extensive and ever- varying succession of 



THE HUDSON ElYER. 115 

picturesque aspects. The Military Academy is one of 
the noble institutions of the Government, and an object 
of great interest. The beautiful grounds attached are 
laid out with taste and elegance, and are much resorted 
to by visitors. The Hotel is an establishment of the 
first class, and excellent in all its appointments. The 
view from the observatory of this hotel is very exten- 
sive and imposing. Near the steamboat landing is seen 
the rock from which the chain was stretched across the 
river during the Revolutionary war. Almost every 
spot of ground at West Point has historic interest. 
Fort Clinton stood where the Academy is now. Fort 
Putnam, and most others, are now in ruins. Passing 
through the magnificent mountain range we reach Cold 
Spring and Undercliff^ the residence of Gen, G. P. 
Morris. On the opposite side of the river, but invisible 
from the water, is Idlewild^ the residence of N. P. 
"Willis. The next prominent village is FishJcill, 60 
miles distant, and here the mountain scenery is in all 
its grandeur ; but we soon pass to a different style of 
the picturesque. Newhurg^ on the opposite shore, 
noted as the head-quarters of Washington, is a largo 
town, built on a steep acclivity. The next place of 
note is Poughkeepsie^ also built on an eminence, and 
eminently picturesque. There are numerous minor vil- 
lages, along either shore, all the way on to Albany^ the 
capital of the State ; but as the pleasure tourist may 
not possibly wish to extend his trip to 150 miles, we 
shall here respectfully part company. 



116 CITY OF NEW YOEZ. 



SUPPLEMENTAL HINTS. 

Persons who, for the first time, visit a great city like 
that we have already briefly described, doubtless fancy 
themselves in a very Babel of excitement and confu- 
sion; and would gladly accept the services of some 
good cicerone, or guide, who could conduct them 
through its perplexing mazes, pointing out what there 
is to see, and how to see it. No city of the New World 
is so truly cosmopolitan in its character as New York ; 
consequently it presents an almost endless variety of 
objects of interest for the visitor. It is difficult to de- 
scribe its many-hued aspects, for it is, in fact, an epit- 
ome of the civilized world; and the physical as well 
as the moral aspects of the city present a like compli- 
cated character. 

As the tour of the entire city would be a too ardu- 
ous performance for a pedestrian, we would advise the 
visitor to limit his perambulations to Broadway, from 
the Bowling Green to Union Square. Along this great 
promenade he will see enough to engage his attention 
for one day. Here are to be seen a long succession 
of splendid marble stores, churches, theatres, etc. 
Throughout the whole length of this great artery of 
the city, are to be seen the ebb and flow of a ceaseless 
tide of human beings, of every class and order; the 
belles and beaux of fashion, the busy devotees of toil, 
and the hapless ones who have not the will to work; 
men who seek their illicit gains at the gaming-table, 
and who practise upon the unwary at mock auctions. 

Commencing, then, our journey up Broadway from 
the Bowling Green, the first noteworthy object we ob- 
serve is the hotel at the southwestern corner, formerly 
Kennedy House^ described in the chapter on Historical 
Localities. Passing several rows of stone buildings, 
including Adain's Express office, we reach Trinity 



SDPPLEMENTAL HINTS. 117 

Churchy the metropolitan church, which, being open 
to visitors, should certainly claim our attention. Not 
only should the interior be seen, but we ought to 
ascenel the lofty steeple to view the magnificent pano- 
rama it aifords of the city and its suburbs. We ought 
also to take a saunter among the venerable memorials 
of the sainted dead, not forgetting the recently erected 
Gothic monument to the memory of the martyrs of our 
Revolutionary struggle. Leaving Trinity Church and 
looking down Wall street, immediately opposite, we 
catch a partial glimpse of the United States Ireasury 
on the north side; and further down on the oppo 
site side of the street, the Custom house, a huge, 
colossal granite structure, where importers do chiefly 
congregate. On the corner of Wall street and Broad- 
way stands the elegant edifice of the Bank of the Re- 
public, and at the junction of the next (Pine) street 
we see the Metropolitan Bank ; also, a superb marble 
building, occupied by Insurance Offices, &c. We now 
need Argus' hundred eyes to look about us ; for not 
only is it a perilous thing to attempt to pass over from 
one side of the street to the other from the incessant 
crowding of all sorts of vehicles, but we are every 
moment in danger of being jostled or pushed aside by 
the still greater crowds of pedestrians, all eagerly in 
pursuit of something. There are some further demands 
made upon us, also, by the shops which invite our curi- 
osity by their novel and motley contents. We now 
reach the junction of Fulton street and Old St. Pa-ul's 
Church, with its sacred inclosure^ containing the tall 
monument of the patriot Emmett, and the tombs of 
otheif celebrated characters. Facing this time-honored 
sanctuary, and in strange contrast with it, we notice 
Barnurri's Museum, which is crowded to excess with 
curiosities of all descriptions, but too numerous to men- 
tion. We pass on a few paces to the Astor House, the 
earliest establishment of its class, and still one of the 
most elegant of the larger hotels of the city. Here we 
see the Pari;^ City Hall, the 2'imes Office, the Tribune 



118 CITY OF NEW YORK. 

luilding, and old Tammany Rail, the head-quarters of 
the stern democracy. In the intersecting streets to the 
west, between the Astor House and Stewart's, we catch 
a glimpse of long lines of splendid marble buildings, 
which give an imposing indication of the mercantile 
opulence of the city. At the rear of the City Hall we 
notice, at the junction of Chambers street and Broad- 
way, Stewart's Dry- Goods Palace, occupying an entire 
bj^ck on Broadway. This is the great emporium of 
costly shawls, satins, silks, brocades, &c. It is now, 
however, devoted to the wholesale trade, the retail 
being removed to Stewart's new palace on Broadway, 
between Ninth and Tenth streets. 

Passing up Broadway we soon approach the old- 
fashionfd Hospital, with its noble avenue of trees. 
The more recent additions to this establishment are to 
be seen extending on the street to the south. The 
magnificent marble structure opposite the Hospital is 
that of McNamee & Co.^ another well-known dry- 
goods establishment. On the site of the late Broad- 
way 'llieatre are some elegant new stores occupied by 
wholesale merchants. As we continue our up-town 
progress, we pass numerous other large buildings, in- 
cluding Taylor^s sumptuous saloon, and presently we 
cross Canal street, which, until within a quarter of a 
century, formed the boundary limits of the city in this 
direction. Pursuing our tour toward Grand street, we 
notice on the west side the white marble structure 
occupied by the Appletons, booksellers, and above on 
the east side Broolcs'' brown stone building, and opposite 
to it Lord & Taylor% dry-goods establishment, one of 
the most conspicuous architectural ornaments of Broad- 
way. The next street en route we pass is Broome street, 
at the corner of which is the elegant iron building of 
Haughwout & Co., a museum of superb statuettes, arti- 
cles oivertu, &c. Farther on, on the west side, stands the 
celebrated /S'^. Nicholas hotel, extending to Spring street. 
On the opposite corner is the Prescott House^ with its 



SUPPLEMENTAL HINTS. 119 

gorgeous decorations. The next important edifices we 
meet are Dr. Chaphi's Cliurch, with the Dusseldorf Gal- 
lery, and Tiffany & Co''s magnificent establishment. A 
little farther on is the fine marble building of Ball^ 
Blach t£ Co.^ and at the corner of Houston street is the 
old St. Thomas' Church., opposite to which is the great 
Metropolitan Hotel and Niblo's Theatre. Still farther 
up we cross Bleecker street and reach the Lafarge 
House, another superb hotel, and the Winter Garden^ 
(late Burton's). Laura Keene's Theatre is on the eas* 
ern side, a little below. Broadway is proverbial for its 
incessant changes and improvements, but from Canal 
Street to Grace Church these mutations will be found 
most conspicuous to persons who have not visited the 
city for the past few years. Grace Church is regarded 
as the culminating glory of Broadway. Its delicate 
spire and richly chiselled exterior, as well as its superb 
though too gaudy interior, render it the object of uni- 
versal observation. 

A short distance farther up brings us to Union 
Square., with its inclosed pleasure-grounds and foun- 
tain. On either side are elegant mansions and hotels. 
At the north the Everett House meets our gaze ; on the 
west Dr. Cheever^s Church., and on the southeast corner 
is the Equestrian Statue of Washington with the Union 
Square Hotel, &c. From this point we catch a glimpse 
of the Academy of Music, on the corner of 14th street 
and Irving Phice. Our peregrinations are not yet com- 
pleted, the Fourth Avenue, which extends north- 
ward from the east side of Union Square, leads us to 
numerous objects of interest, sucli as Dr. Bellow'^s 
Church, a singular specimen of medieval architecture, 
built with layers of ditferent colored brick, and cased 
with stone facings. Dr. Coxe's (Calvary) Church, with 
two pointed towers, built in the cathedral style ; and 
St. PauVs (Methodist) Church, of pure marble, are 
adjacent. AVe have before indicated that the Fifth 
Avenue is the head-quarters of New York aristocracy, 
and abounds with the sumptuous residences of our 



120 CITY OF NEW TOBK. 

merchant princes. This splendid avenue extends north- 
ward to the Croton Aqueduct^ and the hetter mode of 
entering upon this expedition, is to hire a carriage and 
take a leisurely drive through this grand avenue up to 
tlie Aqueduct and the Central Park. It would be well 
to adopt the same plan with the eastern part of the 
city, to the Shipping- Yards, Dry-Docks, &c. Brook- 
lyn, which is virtually a part of New York, is by no 
means to be omitted, for it is replete with interest, and 
is easily accessible by means of the several ferries. 
The churches of both cities are fully detailed, for these 
form a characteristic feature, and well deserve the 
notice of the tourist. The several larger hotels are 
also specified, and those on a less expensive scale, 
which abound in New York, can be ascertained with- 
out diflSculty. The visitor should not forget the many 
beautiful environs of the city. 



APPENDIX. 



THE METEOPOLITAE" POLICE. 

The recently organized Department of Protective and 
Detective Police of New York and Brooklyn, is consid- 
ered eminently effective and successful. The heads of 
the Department appointed by the State Legislature, 
comprise a Board of Commissioners, J. A. Kennedy, 
General Superintendent, and George W. Embree, Chief 
Clerk, etc. By the last quarterly report, it appears 
that the Police force of the City of New York consists 
of twenty-six Captains, one hundred and five Sergeants, 
forty-two Roundsmen, sixty Detallments, one thousand 
two hundred and fifty Patrolmen, and fifty-six Doormen. 

The Police Telegraph has become an important auxil- 
iary in the prevention and detection of crime, and also 
is a great convenience to the public. By this medium, 
several hundred lost children have been restored to their 
homes, and many thousand instances of criminals brought 
to justice. 

By the statistics submitted to the Board of Supervi- 
sors, it is shown that the most fertile source of crime is 
the dramshop. There are in this city seven thousand 
seven hundred and seventy-nine places where intoxicat- 
ing liquors are sold at retail. 

The Police force of Brooklyn is organized on the same 
plan, and numbers in all two hundred and forty-eight. 

The city of New York is divided into twenty-six 
Districts, the station-houses of which are situated aa 
follows : 

11 



122 APPENDIX. 



POLICE STATIONS. 

Commissioners' Office — 300 Mulberry Street. 

First Patrol District — Station House, at Franklin Market. 
Second Patrol District — Station House, 49 l^eekman street. 
Third Patrol District — Station House, 79 Warren street. 
Fourth Patrol District— ^iaX\on House, 9 Oak street. 
Fifth Patrol District — Station House, 49 Leonard street. 
Sixth Patrol District — Station House, 9 Franklin street. * 

Seventh Patrol District — Station House, foot of Gouverneur st. 
Eighth Patrol District — Station House, Prince, cor. Wooster st, 
Ninth Patrol District — Station House, 94 Charles street. 
Tenth Patrol District — Station House, Essex Market. 
Eleventh Patrol District — Station House, Union Market. 
Twelfth Patrol District -Station House, 126th st., n. Third Av. 
Thirteenth Patrol District — Station House, Attorney, cor. De- 

lancey street. 
Fourteenth Patrol District — Station House, 53 Spring street. 
Fifteenth Patrol District — Station House, 220 Mercer street. 
Sixteenth Patrol District — Station House, W. Twentieth street, 

between Seventh and Eighth Avenues. 
Seventeenth Patrol District — Station House, First Avenue, cor. 

Fifth street. 
Eighteenth Patrol District — Station House, E. Twenty-second 

street, near Second Avenue. 
Ni?ieteenth Patrol District — Station House, East Fifty-ninth 

street, near Third Avenue. 
Twentieth Patrol District— Htsition House, 212 W. Thirty- fifth 

street. 
Twenty-first Patrol District — Station House, E. Twenty-ninth 

sti-eet, near Fourth Avenue. 
Twenty-second Patrol District — Station House, Eighth Avenue, 

near W. Forty-eighth street. 
Twenty-third Patrol District — Station House, State, cor. White- 
hall street. 



HOW TO LEAVE NEW YORK. 



For Philadelphia, via New Jersey R. R. Depot at Jer- 
sey City. Proceed to 171 Broadway, thence to the foot of 
Cortlandt-street, and cross the Ferry. 

For Philadelphia, via Camden and Amboy R. R. From 
Pier No, 1, North River. Proceed to No. 1 Broadway, and 
west in Battery Place to the River. 

For Boston, via Stonington and Providence. From Pier 
No. 2, North River. Proceed to No. 1 Broadway, and west 
through Battery Place to the River. 

For Boston, via Fall River and Newport. From Pier 
No. 3, North River. Proceed to No. 1 Broadway, and west 
through Battery Place to the River. 

For Boston, via Norwich and Worcester. From foot of 
Cortlandt-street. Proceed to No. 171 Broadway, and thence 
through Cortlandt-street to the River. 

For Boston, via New Haven R. R. Depot 27th-street 
and 4th Avenue. Take a 4th Avenue car, which starts from 
Astor House, or a Broadway and 4th Avenue stage, north 
to 27th-street. 

For Albany, via Hudson River R. R. Depot Warren- 
street and College Place. Proceed to 260 Broadway, west in 
Warren-street to College Place. 

For Albany, via Harlem R. R. Depot 27th-street, cor. 
4th Avenue. Take a 4th Av. car, which starts from Astor 
House, or a Broadway and 4th Av. stage, north to 27th-st. 

For Albany, via People's Line Steamboats. From foot 
of Cortlandt-street. Proceed in Broadway to No. 171, and 
west in Cortlandt-street to the River. 

For Albany, via Merchants' Line Steamboats. From foot 
of Robinson-street. Proceed to No. 237 Broadway, and 
through Park Place west to the River. 

For Buffalo or Dunkirk, via N. Y. & Erie R. R. Depot 
foot of Duane-street. Proceed in Broadway to No. 303, and 
west in Duane-street to the River. 

For New Haven, by Steamboat. From Peck Slip. Pro- 
ceed to No. 208 Broadway, and east in Fulton-street to the 
River ; thence northeast two blocks. 

123 



JAMES MILLER, 

(SuccEssoE TO C. 8. Francis & Co.,) 

BOOKSELLER, PUBLISHER & IMPORTER, 
533 BROAD^VAY, 

Has for sale a very complete and extensive stock of 

ENGLISH & AMERICAN BOOKS, 

In the various departments of Literature ; including Stand?-d 
Editions of the best Authors in 

HISTORY, BIOGRAPHY, BELLES-LETTRES, ETC 

Finely bound in Morocco, Calf, etc., for Drawing-Eoom Libraries; like- 
wise Ornamental and Richly Embellished Books of Plates for the Centre- 
Table. Particular attention given to orders from Public and Private 
Libraries. 

ENGLISH AND AMERICAN PERIODICALS 

supplied and served carefully and faithfully to Subscribers throughout 
the city, or sent by mail to the country. Orders from any part of the 
world, with a remittance or reference for payment in New York, will be 
promptly attended to. 

Importation of all Books and Periodicals 

for which he may receive orders, a small commission only being charged 
for the business. The same attention given to an order for a single copy 
an for a quantity. 

BOOK BINDING IN ALL ITS BRANCHES. 



INDEX. 



Paok 
Academy of Music 57 

Design 52 

rt Union 53 

'sts' Studios 53 

or Library 44 

- House 59 

iylum for A^ed Females 38 

. . pierican Institute 49 

Geographical Society 49 

* pprentices' l^ibrary 48 

i lenseum Club 74 

. ' riantic Docks « 98 

jL rnum's Museum 57 

}/vnks of New York 77 

]ialtery, Tlie * ' 27 

Benevolent Societies 35 

Bible House, The 51 

^' iwery Theatre, New 56, 57 

•Ung Green, The 27 

iklyn, City of 95 

— — City Hall 96 

Armory and Arsenal 96 

Post-O'ffice 97 

Water Works .97 

Navy Yard 97 

Atlantic Dock 98 

Hospital 99 

Schools and Institutes 99 

Hotels 100 

Cemeteries 101 

Churches 103 

Kailroads 105 

Blind, Institution for the 40 

Blooiningdale Asylum 36 

Brevoort House 62 

Bryant's Minstrels 58 

11* 



INDEX. 

Pack 

Carriage Fares '. 90 

Carmen 58 

Central Park 29 

City Hall of New York 31 

Children's Hospital, &o 38 

Churches of New York 64 

Clarendon, The 61 

Clnbs, The 74 

College of Physicians 39 

Columbia College 49 

Consuls, Foreign 38 

Cooper Institute 45 

Croton Aqueduct 80 

Dam 107 

Custom House, The 83 

Deaf and Dumb Institute 88 

Demilt Dispensary 38 

Depots, Railroad 93 

Dispensaries of New Y'ork 13 

Distances in the City 110 

Dry Dock, The ^ 82 

Dusseldorf Gallery 53 

Education, Board of 50 

Egyptian Museum 57 

Environs of New York 108 

Everett House 62 

Excursions 106 

Expresses 93 

Ferries 92 

Fire Department of New York 88 

Fifth Avenue, The 73 

Hotel 63 

Fort Greene 96 

Forts and Fortifications 83 

Free Academy, The 46 

French Theatre 56 

French's Hotel 59 

German Theatre 57 

Geographical Society 49 

Gramercy Park 29 

Greenwood Cemetery 101 

Hackney-Coaches 90 



INDEX. 

J-AGB 

Hall of Records 34 

Halls of .lastice 34 

Hiirleni Kailroad 91 

High Bridsre 81 

Home for the Friendless 41 

Hospital, New York 37 

St. Luke's 38 

Hotels of New York 59 and 85 

House of Industry 41 

and School of Industry 41 

How to leave New Y^ork .123 

Hud>on River Railroad 91 

Hudson River, The Ill 

Industry, House of. 41 

Insane, Asylunn for 36 

Institution for Deaf and Dumb 40 

Blind 40 

International Hotel 59 

Art Union 53 

Jews' Hospital 37 

Lafarge House, The 62 

Laura Keene'a Theatre 56 

Leake and Watts' Asylum 39 

Libraries of New Y'ork 44 

Literary and Scientific Institutions 44 

Long Island College Hospital 99 

Lyceum of Natural History 48 

Madison Square '. 29 

Magdalen Asylum 39 

Markets of New York 85 

Marine Societies 43 

Masons' Lodffes 42 

Medical College, The 39 

School of the University 39 

Merchants' Exchange 32 

Mercantile Library Association 47 

Metropolitan Police 121 

Theatre 56 

Hotel 59 

National Academy of Design 52 

Theatre' 58 

Navy Y'ard, The 97 



INDEX. 

• Eagb 

;New Tmven Railroad 91 

Bible House 51 

New York Clubs 74 

Theatres, &c 56 

Picture Galleries 52 

Public Buildings 81 

Parks 27 

Historical Localities 5 

Retrospect of 13 

General View of 18 

as it is 23 

Orphan Asylum 36 

Hospital 37 

— Dispensaries 38 

— Medical Colleges 39 

Libraries ~. 44 

University and Colleges 49 

Bible House 51 

Scientific Institutions 44 

Newspapers 53 

Hotels 58 

Restaurants, <fec 84 

Banks 77 

Churches 64 

Novelty Works, The. . . '. 82 

Odd Fellows' Hall 42 

Omnibuses and Curs 89 

Orphan Asylum 36 

Leake and Watts 39 

Parks and Squares f 27 

Packet Ships and Steamers 83, 86 

I'eople's Bathing Establishment 44 

Picture Galleries 52 

Piers, The 94 

Places of Amusement 56 

Porterage Rates 90 

Post-Office, The 32 

Prescott House 61 

Private Residences 73 

Public and Ward Schools , 50 

Buildings 31 

Works 80 

Bail-cars and Omnibuses 89 

Eailroads 91 



INDEX. 

. Piftar 

Randall's Island 85 

Restaurants and Saloons 84 

Sailors' Snng Harbor 43 

Benevolent Societies 43 

Saloons, &c 84 

St. Job n's Park 29 

St. Luke's Hospital 38 

St. Nicholas Hotel 60 

St. Denis Hotel 62 

Savings Banks 79 

Schools, Public 50 

Scientific Institutions 44 

Sectional Dock 82 

Seminaries, Theological 52 

Ships and Clippers 88 

Society for Relief of Widows 41 

Societies, Benevolent 43 

Stores, Notable 75 

Statues, Public 77 

Steamships 86 

Supplemental Hints 116 

Telegraph Stations 87 

Theatras 56 

Theological Institutions 52 

Union Seminary 52 

Episcopal Seminary 52 

Times Office 53 

Tompkins Square 29 

Union Square 28 

United States Assay Office 38 

District Court 31 

University of New York 49 

Medical School 39 

Wallack's Theatre 56 

Ward Schools 50 

Ward's Island 35 

Washington Square 28 

Christy's Minstrels 58 



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